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History essay代写 In Nevada, prostitution is legalized and regulated through the brothels as contained in Nevada Reviced Statutes.
History of Prostitution in Texas
The history of prostitution in the United States dates back as early as during the eighteenth century. In the U.S., prostitution is an illegal practice in a majority of the states except rural counties such as Nevada where the vice is legally backed. Despite being illegalized in many states and counties, prostitution is a common practice that is ongoing in nearly at leading states and it takes many forms. Regulation of this vice in the U.S. does not lie within the federal government powers and therefore left for the states and counties to enact their regulations and policies that regulates and govern prostitution (Frost 78-9). This domain exclusively left for the states to prohibit, permit, or regulate commercial sex. In most states in the U.S., commercial sex working is perceived as a misdemeanor in public order crime category, hence constituting a crime with the possibility of disrupting communal orders.
In Nevada, prostitution is legalized and regulated through the brothels as contained in Nevada Reviced Statutes. Although other counties also allow brothel prostitution, this is only theoretical as these counties lack active brothels. The first incidence of prostitution in the U.S. took place during the 18th century when group of women from the American Women Revolution offered served servicemen and military officers as sex workers. However, this practice gained popularity in the nineteenth century following the ‘Gold Rush era’ when women made their living out of prostitution and sex (Remmers 23). With the practice gaining popularity following its perceived economic and financial benefits, the vice faster spread to other counties. A significant number of women (both immigrants and Native Americans) joined the practice purposely to earn income from the practice given the hard economic and financial conditions of the U.S (Riegel 33).
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德克萨斯州的卖淫史 History essay代写
美国卖淫的历史可以追溯到 18 世纪。在美国，卖淫在大多数州都是非法行为，除了内华达州等农村县，在那里卖淫是有法律支持的。尽管在许多州和县被定为非法，卖淫是一种普遍的做法，几乎在主要州都在进行，并且有多种形式。在美国，对这种恶习的监管不属于联邦政府的权力范围，因此留给各州和县制定监管和管理卖淫的法规和政策（弗罗斯特 78-9）。该领域专门留给各州禁止、允许或规范商业性行为。在美国的大多数州，商业性工作被视为公共秩序犯罪类别中的轻罪，因此构成有可能扰乱公共秩序的犯罪。
在内华达州，卖淫通过内华达州修订法令中包含的妓院合法化和监管。尽管其他县也允许妓院卖淫，但这只是理论上的，因为这些县缺乏活跃的妓院。美国第一次发生卖淫事件发生在 18 世纪，当时美国妇女革命中的一群妇女提供服务的军人和军官作为性工作者。然而，这种做法在 19 世纪“淘金热时代”之后开始流行，当时女性以卖淫和性为生（Remmers 23）。随着这种做法因其感知到的经济和财政利益而越来越受欢迎，这种恶习更快地蔓延到其他县。鉴于美国艰难的经济和金融条件，大量女性（移民和美洲原住民）有意加入这种做法，以从这种做法中赚取收入（Riegel 33）。
Prostitution has for a longtime been one of the features of Texas’ social landscape for centuries.
The first incidences of prostitution in Texas happened in 1817 when this state (Texas) was a Spanish province, when nine women prostitutes got expelled from San Antonio (Riegel 19). This group of Spanish-speaking prostitutes lived in San Antonio when the city was under Taxan rule. The nine were later joined by Anglo prostitutes during 1840s-1850s thus entrenching the group further by 1865. However, prostitutes had started camping along the streets of Galveston as early as in the 1830s and this was revealed by a local newspaper that decried that the upcoming town was full of ill fame. The Zachary Taylor’s army, during its stay in Corpus Christi, got catered to by a group of prostitutes (Remmers 27). History essay代写
By 1850s, an observer observed that Brownsville (a newly incorporated town) was “infected with lewd and abandoned women” who kept “dens of corruption” (DeArment 56). Although Jefferson and Indianola survived their early years free of prostitution, both towns experienced an influx of prostitutes during the 1850s, hence passing the ordinances suppressing houses in the towns. Therefore, prostitution was never an uncommon phenomenon particularly in antebellum Texas State, but it was as rampant as it is today. In a number of communities in Texas and its surrounding, the vice occurred in smaller magnitude or it was unknown to the extent that the public did not notice its occurrence. Notably, the majority if women who actively took part in prostitution happened to have traced their origin from France, Paris and Marseille, with more than 900 of the first prostitutes being French (Remmers 71).
译文：
几个世纪以来，卖淫一直是德克萨斯州社会景观的特征之一。 History essay代写
德克萨斯州第一次发生卖淫事件发生在 1817 年，当时该州（德克萨斯州）是西班牙的一个省，当时有 9 名妓女被驱逐出圣安东尼奥（Riegel 19）。这群讲西班牙语的妓女住在圣安东尼奥，当时这座城市在塔桑统治之下。这九个人后来在 1840 年代至 1850 年代加入了盎格鲁妓女，从而在 1865 年进一步巩固了该组织。然而，妓女早在 1830 年代就开始在加尔维斯顿的街道上露营，当地一家报纸披露了这一消息，谴责即将到来的小镇充满了恶名。扎卡里·泰勒 (Zachary Taylor) 的军队在科珀斯克里斯蒂 (Corpus Christi) 逗留期间，受到一群妓女的照顾（雷默斯 27）。
到 1850 年代，一位观察家观察到布朗斯维尔（一个新成立的城镇）“感染了淫荡和被遗弃的女性”，她们保持“腐败窝点”（DeArment 56）。虽然杰斐逊和印第安诺拉早年没有卖淫，但两个城镇在 1850 年代都经历了妓女的涌入，因此通过了镇压房屋的法令。因此，卖淫从来都不是一个罕见的现象，尤其是在战前德克萨斯州，但它像今天一样猖獗。在得克萨斯州及其周边的一些社区中，这种恶习发生的幅度较小，或者公众没有注意到它的发生。值得注意的是，大多数积极参与卖淫的女性碰巧来自法国、巴黎和马赛，其中 900 多名第一批妓女是法国人（Remmers 71）。
From Civil War to WWI of 1870-1910, as elsewhere, prostitution flourished in many states including Texas.
All the eight largest cities in Texas had developed many vice districts that encompassed of several city blocks including Frogtown, Happy Hollow, Two Street, Hell’s Half Acre, Boggy Bayou, and Guy Town. These vice centres featured a number of illegal and unethical activities, including prostitution. Prostitutes mainly worked in shack-like cribs and bawdy rooms but all were common figures in the leading theaters and dance halls in the downtown. With the service fees ranging from 25 cents to 5 dollars, the prostitutes attracted a large number of visitors and local residents drawn from all walks (Hobson 90). History essay代写
The visitors and the local residences embraced the sizeable numbers of farm hands, cowboys, ranchers, businessmen, soldiers, farm hands, laborers, students, gamblers, drifters, and conventioneers. Prostitution became a common practice in Texas especially after the end of the Cold War as it thrived well at army forts, railroad towns, cow towns, and other social gathering points. In San Antonio and El Paso, a few prostitutes had pimps; however, brothel prostitutes were primarily protected and managed by madams.
译文：
从内战到 1870 年至 1910 年的第一次世界大战，与其他地方一样，卖淫在包括德克萨斯州在内的许多州蓬勃发展。 History essay代写
德克萨斯州所有八个最大的城市都开发了许多副区，包括几个街区，包括 Frogtown、Happy Hollow、Two Street、Hell’s Half Acre、Boggy Bayou 和 Guy Town。这些恶习中心的特色是一些非法和不道德的活动，包括卖淫。妓女主要在像小屋一样的婴儿床和淫荡的房间里工作，但在市中心的主要剧院和舞厅中都是常见的人物。妓女的服务费从25美分到5美元不等，吸引了大批游客和来自各行各业的当地居民（Hobson 90）。
游客和当地居民接待了数量可观的农场工人、牛仔、牧场主、商人、士兵、农场工人、劳工、学生、赌徒、流浪者和参加会议的人。卖淫成为德克萨斯州的普遍做法，尤其是在冷战结束后，因为它在军队堡垒、铁路城镇、奶牛城和其他社交聚会点蓬勃发展。在圣安东尼奥和埃尔帕索，一些妓女有皮条客；然而，妓院妓女主要由女士们保护和管理。
Between 1860s to 1880s, the industry was more promising and lucrative with the financial gains flowing with the entry of soldiers and military personnel stationed in Mexican border and West Texas federal military posts into the industry (Remmers 60-3).
Prostitution therefore become a lively and profitable commerce in Texas, thus attracting more and more women to join the venture as it was a free entry market with limited entry restrictions. The military camp laundresses occasionally doubled as prostitutes offering both paid and unpaid sexual services to the visiting and local clients. The prostitutes also camped at these sordid settlements in Texas particularly those that sprang up at Saint Angela (San Angelo) army and military posts (Remmers 41). History essay代写
Elsewhere in the West Texas cities, the faster spread of prostitution was attributed to the burgeoning of the ranching industry and expanding transport and telecommunication infrastructures, railroad networks in particular. The commencement of Pacific-Texas Railroad in early 1880s precipitated founding of Colorado, Big Springs, and Abilene (the three main ranching centers) where gambling dens, prostitutes, and saloons baited West Texans and cowhands from the whole region (Remmers 55). A significant number of the cowboys were also attracted by the rising number of prostitutes in Pandandle and its cattle towns of Mobeetie and Tascosa that had vice districts called ‘Feather Hill’ and ‘Hog Town respectively.
译文：
在 1860 年代到 1880 年代之间，随着驻扎在墨西哥边境和西德克萨斯联邦军事工业区的士兵和军事人员的进入，该行业变得更加有前途和利润丰厚（30 至 60 年间）。 History essay代写
因此，卖淫在德克萨斯州成为一种活跃且有利可图的行业，从而吸引了越来越多的女性加入该企业，因为它是一个进入限制有限的自由进入市场。军营洗衣工偶尔会加倍，因为妓女为来访者和当地客户提供有偿和无偿的性服务。妓女还在德克萨斯州这些肮脏的定居点扎营，特别是那些出现在圣安吉拉（San Angelo）军队和军事哨所的妓女（Remmers 41）。
在德克萨斯州西部城市的其他地方，卖淫活动的迅速蔓延归因于畜牧业的蓬勃发展以及运输和电信基础设施（尤其是铁路网络）的扩大。 1880 年代初期太平洋-德克萨斯铁路的开通促成了科罗拉多、大斯普林斯和阿比林（三个主要牧场中心）的建立，在那里赌博窝点、妓女和沙龙吸引了整个地区的西德克萨斯人和牛手（Remmers 55）。 Pandandle 及其牛镇 Mobeetie 和 Tascosa 的妓女数量不断增加，这两个地方分别有“Feather Hill”和“Hog Town”副区，这也吸引了大量牛仔。
Amarillo became one of the major cattle-shipping and trade center, thereby providing settlement to the wide-open red-light district (Humphrey 54-5).
From 1870s to 1910s, prostitution was flourishing in a number of fast-growing communities in Texas with the vice being a social norm that the society has to accept and live with. The industry was very promising in returns and higher profitability index, thus attracting new entries and increasing the competitiveness of the industry.
In Denison, Palestine, Laredo, and Texarkana, the upsurge in the rate of prostitution characterized by economic boom was triggered in each these named towns by the establishment of railroads and improved infrastructures and social amenities during the 1870s-1980s. In Gladys City, Humble, the Big Thick (hamlets of Saratoga, Batson, and Sour Lake), and Beaumont, the oil boom in these regions was the source of attraction of the prostitutes’ swarm in the early twentieth century (Humphrey 77). Primarily catering to oilfield workers, the peak of the oil boom attracted more than 200 prostitutes into Batson region alone of which the majority served in bawdy houses along the main streets of Batson town. History essay代写
In conclusion, the Texas’s sizable number of prostitutes and commercial sex-workers primarily resided in the States’ largest urban centres particularly the vice districts that were established in each of the eight leading cities. In some red-light districts (El Paso also known as Utah Street Reservation), city leadership took a quasi-moral stance in attempting to control the spread of prostitution (Rosen 98). Instead, the city management authority segregated the red-light districts and levied taxation on prostitutes without officially legalizing this lucrative enterprise.
译文：
阿马里洛成为主要的牛运输和贸易中心之一，从而为开阔的红灯区（汉弗莱 54-5）提供了定居点。 History essay代写
从 1870 年代到 1910 年代，卖淫在德克萨斯州的许多快速发展的社区中蓬勃发展，而这种恶习是社会必须接受和接受的社会规范。该行业在回报和更高的盈利指数方面非常有前景，从而吸引了新的进入者，提高了行业的竞争力。
在丹尼森、巴勒斯坦、拉雷多和特克萨卡纳，1870 年代至 1980 年代期间，由于铁路的建立以及基础设施和社会设施的改善，这些城镇的以经济繁荣为特征的卖淫率激增。在格拉迪斯城、Humble、Big Thick（萨拉托加、Batson 和 Sour Lake 的小村庄）和 Beaumont，这些地区的石油繁荣是 20 世纪初妓女群的吸引力来源（Humphrey 77）。石油繁荣的顶峰主要是为油田工人提供服务，仅巴特森地区就吸引了 200 多名妓女，其中大部分在巴特森镇主要街道上的妓院里服务。
总之，德克萨斯州数量可观的妓女和商业性工作者主要居住在美国最大的城市中心，尤其是在八个主要城市中的每一个都设立的副区。在一
些红灯区（埃尔帕索也被称为犹他街保留区），市领导采取了一种准道德立场，试图控制卖淫的蔓延（罗森 98）。取而代之的是，城市管理部门在没有正式将这一利润丰厚的企业合法化的情况下，将红灯区隔离开来并对妓女征税。
Instead, a $5 weekly licensing fee was charged and a law requiring all prostitutes to submit their weekly medical examination record with the police was passed in order to indirectly regulate the vice (Humphrey 83).
Contrary to the expectation of the city leadership, there was a significant increase in the number of prostitutes and the rate of prostitution rose. In effect, prostitution was tolerated and extralegal in Texas in late 20th century, with economic and financial reasons being the driving force behind this social vice. The Texas governance raised revenue from prostitution while the prostitutes were attracted to the industry by huge financial benefits and gains that the industry promises.
Given the fact that majority of the cowboys and men that opted for their services were middle class members of the society, prostitution offered economic and financial incentives that were very lucrative to prostitutes owing to the financial hardship faced by women in the society during the 19th century. Even after the enactment of laws to regulate the industry (by illegalizing the service), the law enforcement agencies (city council) ignored such legislated statutes and instead extorted money from prostitutes with the promise of offering protection to the prostitutes (Gabbert 69). Therefore, prostitution continued to spread especially in the red-light districts of Texas.
译文：
取而代之的是，每周收取 5 美元的执照费，并通过了一项要求所有妓女向警方提交每周体检记录的法律，以间接规范这种恶习（Humphrey 83）。
与市领导的预期相反，妓女数量显着增加，卖淫率上升。实际上，在 20 世纪后期，卖淫在德克萨斯州被容忍并且是非法的，经济和财政原因是这种社会恶习背后的驱动力。得克萨斯州政府从卖淫中获得收入，而妓女则被该行业承诺的巨额经济利益和收益所吸引。
鉴于选择他们服务的大多数牛仔和男人是社会的中产阶级成员，由于 19 世纪女性在社会中面临的经济困难，卖淫为妓女提供了非常有利可图的经济和经济激励.即使颁布了规范该行业的法律（通过将服务非法化），执法机构（市议会）也无视这些立法法规，而是向妓女勒索钱财，并承诺为妓女提供保护（Gabbert 69）。因此，卖淫继续蔓延，特别是在德克萨斯州的红灯区。
Works Cited History essay代写
DeArment, Robert K. Jim Courtright of Fort Worth: His Life and Legend. Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press, 2004.
Frost, Gordon H. The Gentlemen’s Club: The Story of Prostitution in El Paso. Mangan Books, 1983.
Gabbert, Ann. “Prostitution and Moral Reform in the Borderlands: El Paso, 1890-1920.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 12 (2003).
Hobson, Barbara Meil. Uneasy Virtue: The Politics of Prostitution and the American Reform Tradition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1990.
Humphrey, David C. “Prostitution in Texas: From the 1830s to the 1960s.” East Texas Historical Journal 33 (1995).
Remmers, Mary W. Going Down the Line: Galveston’s Red-Light District Remembered. Published by the author, 1997.
Riegel, Robert E. “Changing American Attitudes toward Prostitution, 1800-1920.” Journal of the History of Ideas, 29 (July-September 1968).
Rosen, Ruth. The Lost Sisterhood: Prostitution in America, 1900-1918. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1982.
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