Management, Information Systems and Organizations (MISO)
管理信息系统论文代写 Many organizations have ventured into information technologies in order to increase the effectiveness of information and operation systems.
Introduction
Many organizations have ventured into information technologies in order to increase the effectiveness of information and operation systems. However, many of these organizations have been unable to successfully integrate the technologies for enhanced sharing of knowledge and making effective decisions. The implementation plans put more emphasis on the role of technology and give less importance to the institution processes and the organizational structures. Many of these organizations fail not due to technology but because inadequate attention is paid to the issues that are to the organizational culture. 管理信息系统论文代写
The paper will explore management and information systems and their role in the organization success. A strategic plan, a control plan and implementation process will be structured for a case-study scenario organization.
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介绍 管理信息系统论文代写
许多组织已经涉足信息技术领域，以提高信息和运营系统的有效性。 然而，这些组织中的许多组织未能成功整合技术以加强知识共享和做出有效决策。 实施计划更强调技术的作用，而不太重视机构流程和组织结构。 许多这些组织的失败不是因为技术，而是因为对组织文化问题的关注不够。
本文将探讨管理和信息系统及其在组织成功中的作用。 将为案例研究场景组织构建战略计划、控制计划和实施过程。
Description of Company
Walmart started as a discount store in 1962 in Rogers, Ark. By the end of 1960s, the company had grown to 276 stores in 11 states. In 1988 it opened a supercenter that features a full grocery and general merchandise. In 1991, it became an international company.管理信息系统论文代写
The purpose of the company is “Saving people money so they can live better” (Walmart n.d., p1). Saving people money refers to the offering of best quality merchandise at low prices in the Walmart stores. Living better comes in when the customer saves money. Assisting people live better lives is more than what they do; it is who they are (Walmart n.d., p1)
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公司描述
沃尔玛于 1962 年在阿肯色州罗杰斯开始作为一家折扣店。到 1960 年代末，该公司已发展到 11 个州的 276 家商店。 1988 年，它开设了一个超级中心，里面有一个完整的杂货店和一般商品。 1991年，它成为一家国际公司。
该公司的宗旨是“为人们省钱，让他们过上更好的生活”（Walmart nd, p1）。 为人们省钱是指在沃尔玛商店以低价提供最优质的商品。 当客户省钱时，生活就会变得更好。 帮助人们过上更好的生活不仅仅是他们所做的； 这就是他们是谁 (Walmart nd, p1)
Shareholder View
The investors are becoming increasingly concerned with frequent executive compensation that appears to be inadequately connected with the creation of the shareholder value. The shareholders urge the Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. to adopt policies that can allow the shareholders to vote at each of the annual meeting on matters pertaining to advisory resolution (wikinvest n.d., p1). 管理信息系统论文代写
Walmart Corporate Policies
There is a big concern on the policies that the company is adopting. The policies are quite old and are deemed old fashioned. Innovation in the company is slow and there is need for more innovative steps. There is need for the company to adopt policies that are up date and face out the older policies (Kasi 2011, p1).管理信息系统论文代写
Overall Purpose
The present overall purpose of the company is “Saving people money so they can live better” (Walmart n.d., p1). The purpose is a bit weak and needs to be improved. The company can include items such as the expectations of profitability and growth, and the ethical position of the business in its corporate mission (Business Resource Software, Inc. 2011, p1).
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股东观点
投资者越来越关注频繁的高管薪酬，这些薪酬似乎与股东价值的创造没有充分联系。股东敦促 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. 采取政策，允许股东在每次年度会议上就与咨询决议有关的事项进行投票（wikinvest nd, p1）。
沃尔玛公司政策
公司正在采取的政策令人担忧。这些政策很旧，被认为是过时的。公司的创新进展缓慢，需要采取更多创新措施。公司需要采用最新的政策并面对旧政策（Kasi 2011，p1）。
总体目的
该公司目前的总体目标是“为人们省钱，让他们过上更好的生活”（Walmart nd, p1）。目的有点弱，需要改进。公司可以包括诸如盈利能力和增长的预期以及企业在其企业使命中的道德地位等项目（Business Resource Software, Inc. 2011, p1）。
Strategic Objectives
Strategic objective is concerned with making the mission statement operational (Dess, Lumpkin and Taylor 2005, p1). The mission statement of Walmart is to assist people in saving money so that they can live better lives.
Profitability
The company can increase its profitability by innovation of more products and finding new ways of marketing their products and services. It is also imperative for the company to set its financial objectives in order to measure profitability.管理信息系统论文代写
Market Share
The market share objective should be in terms of the sales growth rate and sales volume. The main focus of the company should be to win additional market share and overtake any key competitor on customer service and product quality basis.
Productivity
A strategic employee recognition program can offer a cost-effective way of raising the employees’ morale and re-engaging the detached employees. The program can also assist the employees to concentrate on the core values of the organization and thus raise its productivity.
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战略目标 管理信息系统论文代写
战略目标与使使命陈述具有可操作性有关（Dess、Lumpkin 和 Taylor 2005，p1）。沃尔玛的使命宣言是帮助人们省钱，让他们过上更好的生活。
盈利能力
公司可以通过创新更多产品和寻找新的产品和服务营销方式来提高盈利能力。公司还必须设定其财务目标以衡量盈利能力。
市场份额
市场份额目标应该是销售增长率和销量。公司的主要重点应该是赢得额外的市场份额，并在客户服务和产品质量的基础上超越任何主要竞争对手。
生产率
战略性员工认可计划可以提供一种具有成本效益的方式来提高员工的士气并重新吸引独立的员工。该计划还可以帮助员工专注于组织的核心价值观，从而提高其生产力。
Management/Employee Performance
A performance appraisal approach can be adopted by the company and the procedure that can be followed is planning out the performance appraisal and assisting the employees plan out their performance appraisals.
Technical Development and Innovation
This includes adoption of policies and programs that center on innovation processes such as innovation of systems that can monitor the movement of goods within the company to avoid scenarios such as pilferage of goods. The staff should also be trained on how to use the recent information technology systems. 管理信息系统论文代写
Social and Public Responsibility
Social and public responsibility is very vital for the company; Walmart has its own corporate social responsibility. The company can improve its corporate social responsibility image by making corporate responsibility relevant to the business and providing optimal information.
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管理/员工绩效
公司可以采用绩效考核的方法，可以遵循的程序是制定绩效考核并协助员工制定绩效考核。
技术开发与创新
这包括采用以创新流程为中心的政策和计划，例如可以监控公司内货物流动的系统创新，以避免出现货物盗窃等情况。 还应培训员工如何使用最新的信息技术系统。
社会和公共责任
社会和公共责任对公司非常重要； 沃尔玛有自己的企业社会责任。 公司可以通过使企业责任与业务相关并提供最佳信息来改善其企业社会责任形象。
Internal Performance
Strengths
- Walmart is the largest employer network in the United States.
- A variety of products are provided under a single roof in majority of the states.
- Throughout the year, the company provides sales prices and this attracts majority of its customers.
- Walmart is the largest retailer in the world.管理信息系统论文代写
- The company has a well established information technology system that monitors the prices being offered in world market.
- The company’s divisions such as supercenter and SAM’s Club are a major attraction to different classes of customers.
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内部表现 管理信息系统论文代写
优势
沃尔玛是美国最大的雇主网络。
在大多数州，各种产品都在一个屋檐下提供。
该公司全年提供销售价格，这吸引了大多数客户。
沃尔玛是世界上最大的零售商。
该公司拥有完善的信息技术系统，可以监控世界市场上提供的价格。
该公司的超级中心和 SAM 俱乐部等部门对不同类别的客户具有重要吸引力。
Weaknesses
- Although the company has a well established information technology, it lacks the expertise among its staff.
- The company focus is limited to two continents alone (Europe and America); the other continents share the remaining few stores.管理信息系统论文代写
- Its mission statement lacks some elements and thus it is not well established.
- Memberships to clubs such as SAM Club are very limited.
- The company is adopting policies that are outdated and very few innovation steps are being undertaken.
- The company is gender biased though it poses itself as a company with the largest revenue.
- Its products are sold in bulk in order to maintain a constant price and this is a possible threat to the company’s revenue (Kasi 2011, p1).
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弱点
尽管该公司拥有完善的信息技术，但其员工缺乏专业知识。
公司的重点仅限于两大洲（欧洲和美洲）； 其他大陆共享剩余的少数商店。
它的使命宣言缺乏一些要素，因此没有很好地确立。
SAM Club 等俱乐部的会员资格非常有限。
该公司正在采用过时的政策，并且很少采取创新措施。
该公司虽然自称为收入最高的公司，但存在性别偏见。
其产品批量销售以保持价格不变，这可能对公司的收入构成威胁（Kasi 2011，第 1 页）。
External Environment
Opportunities
- There are more opportunities for the company to expand its business to areas such as China, emerging markets and Europe.
- There are new and up to date strategies for the large and efficient supercenters.
- Opportunities still exist for Walmart to go on with the present strategy of the large supercenters.管理信息系统论文代写
- The decrease in the dollar value and the growing market for internet shopping are among the best opportunities for the company.
- Change in the market perception can greatly increase the sales.
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外部环境
机会
公司有更多机会将业务扩展到中国、新兴市场和欧洲等地区。
对于大型高效的超级中心，有新的和最新的战略。
沃尔玛仍有机会继续实施大型超级中心的现有战略。
美元价值的下降和网络购物市场的增长是该公司的最佳机会之一。
市场认知的改变可以大大增加销售额。
Threats
- There are competitors that are emerging with innovations that have not been adopted by Walmart.
- There is political involvement in the provision of products and that is set to affect the Walmart’s profits.
- The company’s policies are out date and there is a need to review them.
- The current strategy (constant price strategy) is not very correct for products that have high manufacturing costs.管理信息系统论文代写
- The employee union within the company proves to be a threat to the well being of the company. With such a union the chances of survival may prove very difficult. The company should desist from differentiating part time and full time employees (Kasi 2011, p1).
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威胁
有一些竞争对手正在兴起，他们的创新尚未被沃尔玛采用。
产品供应涉及政治，这将影响沃尔玛的利润。
公司的政策已经过时，需要对其进行审查。
当前的策略（恒定价格策略）对于制造成本高的产品不是很正确。
事实证明，公司内部的员工工会对公司的福祉构成威胁。 有了这样的联盟，生存的机会可能会非常困难。 公司应该停止区分兼职和全职员工（Kasi 2011，p1）。
Evaluate Alternative Strategies
Alternative strategies are based on the determination of the probability and practicality of those alternative strategies. Other characteristics accessed are risks, resource needs and environmental uncertainties (Linda 2009, p1).管理信息系统论文代写
The company has been using outdated policies and it is important for the company to adopt up to date policies. The company can diversify its services in the supercenter and the SAM’s club because these two divisions have proven to be helpful to the company. The company should also diversify its international market and venture into other potential continents such as Africa and Asia. There are emerging strategies in the information technology and the company should create the environment for the adoption and implementation of these strategies.
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评估替代策略
替代策略基于对这些替代策略的可能性和实用性的确定。 访问的其他特征包括风险、资源需求和环境不确定性（Linda 2009，p1）。
公司一直在使用过时的政策，因此公司采用最新的政策很重要。 公司可以在超级中心和 SAM 俱乐部提供多样化的服务，因为这两个部门已被证明对公司有帮助。 该公司还应使其国际市场多元化，并涉足非洲和亚洲等其他潜在大陆。 信息技术领域有新兴战略，公司应该为这些战略的采用和实施创造环境。
Strategic Plan
The plan will entail the adoption, implementation and assessment of the following items. The mission statement of Walmart should be defined or redefined. The vision statement follows the mission statement and it will explain where Walmart is heading. The guiding principles will be clarified; this is what the company believes in. A SWOT analysis will be done to assess the strengths and weaknesses, and opportunities and threats that are essential to the company. The strategic objectives mentioned will be adopted and implemented; the strategic objectives connect the mission to the vision of the company. It will involve performing major activities that will make the achievement of the vision a reality (Olsen 2006, p37).管理信息系统论文代写
The strategic objectives can be broken down into short term initiatives. They assist in the realization of the overall strategic objective. The difference in the two is that strategic objectives are long term and the other short term. An action will be created to assist in the implementation of the Walmart’s goals. In order to effectively manage and measure the strategic plan, a scorecard must be created in order to know if Walmart is achieving its goals. A financial statement is required to determine whether the strategic plan is making any sense (Olsen 2006, p37). The final thing will be evaluation of alternative strategies.
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战略计划 管理信息系统论文代写
该计划将需要通过、实施和评估以下项目。沃尔玛的使命宣言应该被定义或重新定义。愿景声明遵循使命声明，它将解释沃尔玛的发展方向。将阐明指导原则；这就是公司所相信的。将进行 SWOT 分析以评估对公司至关重要的优势和劣势以及机会和威胁。所提及的战略目标将被采纳和实施；战略目标将使命与公司的愿景联系起来。它将涉及执行将使愿景的实现成为现实的主要活动（奥尔森 2006，第 37 页）。
战略目标可以分解为短期计划。它们有助于实现总体战略目标。两者的区别在于战略目标是长期的，另一个是短期的。将创建一项行动来协助实施沃尔玛的目标。为了有效地管理和衡量战略计划，必须创建记分卡以了解沃尔玛是否正在实现其目标。需要一份财务报表来确定战略计划是否有意义（Olsen 2006，第 37 页）。最后一件事将是评估替代策略。
Key Targets to Divisions/Departments
There are supercenters within Walmart; these supercenters have been the major attraction for most of the consumers. Such centers can be improved to cater for more customers and more products and service. Walmart has to adopt policies and programs that will transform these supercenters into big business icons.
SAM’s club is another division within Walmart; recent information suggests that SAM’s club has attracted most of the Walmart’s customers. Proper policies also need to be implemented to see the success of this club. Other departments that may be targeted are the human resource department and the executive office of the company. 管理信息系统论文代写
Operating/Tactical Plans
The strategic plan will be broken down into short term, specific plans and actions (morebusiness.com 2009, p1). The tactical plan will cover the entire period of the implementation of the strategic plan. An assessment of the strategic plan is required in order to carefully to divide it into manageable parts. Timeframe of the strategic plan should also be taken into consideration.
It is imperative to note that some of the sections within the strategic plan will take longer than the others. Balance and harmony of these sections should be sustained. In a nutshell, the tactical plans make up the strategic plan.
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部门/部门的关键目标
沃尔玛内部有超级购物中心；这些超级中心一直是大多数消费者的主要吸引力。这些中心可以得到改进，以迎合更多的客户和更多的产品和服务。沃尔玛必须采取政策和计划，将这些超级中心转变为大型商业标志。
SAM 的俱乐部是沃尔玛内部的另一个部门；最近的信息表明，SAM 的俱乐部吸引了沃尔玛的大部分客户。还需要实施适当的政策才能看到这个俱乐部的成功。其他可能成为目标的部门是人力资源部和公司的执行办公室。
操作/战术计划
战略计划将分解为短期、具体的计划和行动（morebusiness.com 2009, p1）。战术计划将涵盖战略计划实施的整个时期。需要对战略计划进行评估，以便仔细将其划分为可管理的部分。还应考虑战略计划的时间表。
必须指出的是，战略计划中的某些部分将比其他部分花费更长的时间。应保持这些部分的平衡与和谐。简而言之，战术计划构成了战略计划。
Control Plan
Inventory Control: Description
One of the most important retail practices that Walmart must undertake to entrench in their standardized routines is a comprehensive inventory control. Inventory control is a system adopted by an organization that deals in commodities, where measures are put in place to account for proper handling. Accountability measures are streamlined to ensure quality and quantity are not compromised at any handling point. Destruction and pilferage are avoided through a comprehensive inventory control, while ordering and delivery qualities are monitored and maintained within adequate levels. Internal control standards that Walmart needs to undertake in light of these circumstances include a host of tasks that facilitate ordering, reception, holding or storage and delivering.管理信息系统论文代写
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控制方案 管理信息系统论文代写
库存控制：说明
沃尔玛为巩固其标准化例程而必须采取的最重要的零售实践之一是全面的库存控制。 库存控制是由经营商品的组织采用的系统，其中采取措施来说明正确处理。 问责措施得到简化，以确保质量和数量在任何处理点都不会受到影响。 通过全面的库存控制避免破坏和盗窃，同时监控订购和交付质量并保持在适当的水平。 鉴于这些情况，沃尔玛需要采取的内部控制标准包括一系列促进订购、接收、持有或存储和交付的任务。
Tasks List
On reducing order of priority, the tasks will be implemented as follows;
- Market research (6 months)
- Staff training (1 week) 管理信息系统论文代写
- Accountability control (1 month)
- Inventory valuation (3 months)
- Ordering control (3 months)
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任务列表
在降低优先级的情况下，将执行以下任务；
市场调查（6个月）
员工培训（1周）
责任控制（1个月）
库存估价（3个月）
订货控制（3个月）
Description of Control Effectiveness
To come up with a comprehensive plan for Walmart with regard to inventory control, a framework will be formulated to detail stocking procedures that will facilitate continuity of operations at a minimized cost. A new layout will be proposed as outlined above and detailed below. Critical path of planning is usually generated from identification of the most preferable options in a myriad of several others (Baker 2004, p1). In the technique, the length of implementation of an entire project or strategy is determined using a diagrammatical representation of activities that the management has access to. In the case of a more competitive environment, managers have their options base considerably widened. The most appropriate alternative combination of activities in a critical path is usually the most efficient channel.管理信息系统论文代写
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控制有效性的描述
为了为沃尔玛制定一个全面的库存控制计划，将制定一个框架来详细说明库存程序，以最小化成本促进运营的连续性。 将按照上文概述和下文详述提出新布局。 规划的关键路径通常是通过在无数其他选项中识别出最优选的选项而生成的（Baker 2004, p1）。 在该技术中，整个项目或战略的实施时间是使用管理层有权访问的活动的图解表示来确定的。 在竞争更加激烈的环境中，管理者的选择范围大大扩大。 关键路径中最合适的替代活动组合通常是最有效的渠道。
Ordering Control (3 months)
Under this regime, the Economic Order Quantity analysis of controlling inventory purchases will be implemented.
Inventory Valuation (3 months)管理信息系统论文代写
To supply the relevant data to the ordering authorities at Walmart, a continuous stock taking technique that monitors movement of every unit ordered from reception, storage till delivery will be enacted (Macintosh and Quattrone 2009, p268).
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订货控制（3个月）
在此制度下，将实施控制库存采购的经济订单数量分析。
库存评估（3个月）
为了向沃尔玛的订购部门提供相关数据，将制定一项连续盘点技术，监控从接收、存储到交付的每个订购单位的移动情况（Macintosh 和 Quattrone 2009，第 268 页）。
Accountability Control Standards (1 month)
Walmart will require an internal control system that will facilitate strict monitoring of the conduct of all employees with regard to handling of inventory. Constant documentation systems will be implemented to ensure that the correct authorization of movement of inventory and subsequent delivery takes place. Under the new layout, pilferages and damages will reduce handling costs at Walmart.
Staff Training (1 week)
To ensure that the staff members are conversant with the new procedures to be introduced, one week of training will be facilitated across the departments.管理信息系统论文代写
Market Research (6 months)
The best market trends in carrying out a fashionable inventory control will have to be consulted prior to the establishment of the system, to enable the management to come up with a competitive design.
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问责控制标准（1个月）
沃尔玛将需要一个内部控制系统，以促进对所有员工在库存处理方面的行为进行严格监控。 将实施持续的文件系统，以确保正确授权库存移动和随后的交付。 在新布局下，盗窃和损坏将降低沃尔玛的处理成本。
员工培训（1周）
为确保工作人员熟悉即将推出的新程序，各部门将进行为期一周的培训。
市场研究（6个月）
在建立系统之前，必须咨询进行时尚库存控制的最佳市场趋势，以使管理层能够提出具有竞争力的设计。
Budgets: Task Description
Expenditure, as guided by the constraints of revenue and needs, will form a basis for cost projections under the new strategic program budgeted as follows. Besides carrying out an overhaul of the inventory system, Walmart will need to reassert its market presence through various promotional tools such as advertising and sales offers (Kasi 2011, p1). To complement to the market presence reassertion, the organization will need to venture into a customer experience that will sustain increased sales, such as more corporate social responsibility projects.管理信息系统论文代写
Research and development will form part of the new investment required at Walmart. Innovation and creativity will be funded to raise the current information and communication technology utilization to enhance efficiency. Capacity will have to be expanded to increase the variety of commodities that the outlet currently accommodates. To monitor commodities while inside the Walmart premises and assist other accountability measures in reduction of pilferages, security systems will be installed.
Budget:
Description of Control Effectiveness
Budgets usefulness in control and management is a multifaceted opportunity for organizations to achieve coordination of activities across the departments. It is also possible for organizations to limit expenditure to sustainable levels. Involvement of various departments in budgeting acts as a motivation and authority clarification to various employees. Budgeting is an important planning tool that facilitates future plans consideration in the investment program. As such, budgeting as a control mechanism plays a major role in the positioning of the organization in realization of interests within the scope of object achievement.
译文：
预算：任务描述 管理信息系统论文代写
在收入和需求限制的指导下，支出将构成新战略计划下成本预测的基础，预算如下。除了对库存系统进行彻底改革外，沃尔玛还需要通过各种促销工具（如广告和销售优惠）重新确立其市场地位（Kasi 2011，第 1 页）。为了补充市场占有率的重申，该组织需要冒险进入能够维持销售额增长的客户体验，例如更多的企业社会责任项目。
研发将构成沃尔玛所需的新投资的一部分。创新和创造力将得到资助，以提高当前的信息和通信技术利用率，以提高效率。必须扩大容量以增加该出口目前可容纳的商品种类。为了在沃尔玛场所内监控商品并协助其他问责措施以减少盗窃，将安装安全系统。
控制有效性的描述
预算在控制和管理中的作用是组织实现跨部门活动协调的多方面机会。组织也可以将支出限制在可持续的水平。各部门参与预算编制是对各种员工的一种激励和权力澄清。预算是一种重要的规划工具，有助于在投资计划中考虑未来的计划。因此，预算作为一种控制机制，在组织在目标实现范围内实现利益的定位中起着重要作用。
Management Topic: Decision Making
In strategic organizational management, decision making is the pillar of success direction that the organization wants to follow. Every project embarked by the organization at all levels of management is usually based on a policy framework that reconciles a number of interests and objectives of the various stakeholders’ party to the organization. At such a high level of networking of interests, policy formulation is entrenched on a backdrop of targets priory set to satisfy each of the stakeholders.管理信息系统论文代写
Decision therefore making becomes a vital tool in the reconciliation of the targets set in order to facilitate sustenance of satisfaction among every quarter of interest (Butterfield and Savory, 1999, p16). In describing decision making within the context of strategy process and strategic management, it is a very critical process that determines the success of strategy. Decision making can be said to be the managerial process whose prime aim it is, to come up with a winning formula from a conglomeration of formulae. It is the process that upon making comparisons of several alternative business options comes up with the most striking option that facilitates growth of the organization.
译文：
管理课题：决策
在战略组织管理中，决策是组织想要遵循的成功方向的支柱。组织在各级管理层启动的每个项目通常都基于一个政策框架，该框架协调了组织中各个利益相关方的许多利益和目标。在如此高水平的利益网络中，政策制定是在为满足每个利益相关者而设定的目标背景下根深蒂固的。
因此，决策成为协调设定的目标的重要工具，以促进每一方利益的维持（Butterfield 和 Savory，1999，第 16 页）。在描述战略过程和战略管理背景下的决策时，这是一个决定战略成功的非常关键的过程。决策制定可以说是管理过程，其主要目标是从一系列公式中提出一个成功的公式。正是在对几种替代业务选项进行比较后，才能得出最显着的选项以促进组织发展的过程。
Short run operational and tactical decisions confront the most immediate requirements of the organization,
by weighing consultatively predetermined alternatives in a challenge. In such decision making scenario, the management handles issues currently at hand regarding continuing operations or altering operations. Whether the management sticks with a given operation formula or opts to introduce changes to spur missing growth and productivity is the role of decision making process to determine.管理信息系统论文代写
The most important aspect of short run decision making is the limited scope of time of intervention which is the current or the immediate future impact of operations (Offenbacher 2007, p4). Alternatively, decision the nature of decision making may be on a long term scope, which extends into the time horizon of several operating periods. The impact of decisions made with a long run scope is usually felt across the departments and for a considerable duration of time. There are far reaching implications that the decision making process introduces into the organization when long term decisions are undertaken.
At Walmart, decision making process regarding formulation of a strategic plan as well as a control plan will be guided by the short run and long run needs of the organization.
Besides the considering the time specific needs at Walmart, considerations will need to be made regarding the objectives of the organization. This is because both long run and short run and decision making are usually implemented under the confinements of the long run and short run objectives of an organization. Several alternatives that touch on strategy, control as well as network analysis at Walmart will be considered in the decision making process for a successful isolation of the most appropriate alternative in a consultative and analytical approach. At Walmart, research on likely implications under the regime of each alternative will act as the guide on arrival of a suitable option (Bridge and Dodds 1975, p2).管理信息系统论文代写
Based on likely strategy, control and network analysis needs Walmart will consider short run and long run alternatives touching on; redefining ICT utilization, diversification of market coverage, objective and mission clarification, innovation, gender issues, sales modifications, wages issues and brand issues. In resolving these and several other organizational needs issues, the management will consider factors that directly influence managerial decisions including costs analysis under the each regime. Cost analysis of decisions proves to act as a determinant in selection of an alternative decision since some production cost mixes are usually more appropriate and applicable than others. Qualitative and quantitative factors will be used as alternative qualifiers at Walmart to come up with a successful decision making.
译文：
短期的运营和战术决策与组织最紧迫的要求相冲突，
通过在挑战中权衡预先确定的替代方案。在这种决策制定方案中，管理层处理当前有关持续运营或更改运营的问题。管理层是坚持给定的运营公式还是选择引入变革来刺激缺失的增长和生产力，这是决策过程的作用。
短期决策最重要的方面是干预时间的有限范围，即当前或近期运营的影响（Offenbacher 2007, p4）。或者，决策的性质可能是长期范围的，它延伸到几个运营期的时间范围内。在长期范围内做出的决策的影响通常会在整个部门和相当长的时间内感受到。当进行长期决策时，决策过程会对组织产生深远的影响。
在沃尔玛，有关制定战略计划和控制计划的决策过程将以组织的短期和长期需求为指导。
除了考虑沃尔玛的时间特定需求外，还需要考虑组织的目标。这是因为长期和短期以及决策制定通常是在组织的长期和短期目标的限制下实施的。在决策过程中，将考虑涉及沃尔玛战略、控制和网络分析的几种替代方案，以便在咨询和分析方法中成功分离出最合适的替代方案。在沃尔玛，对每种替代方案可能产生的影响的研究将作为到达合适选项的指南（Bridge and Dodds 1975，p2）。
根据可能的战略、控制和网络分析需求，沃尔玛将考虑涉及短期和长期的替代方案；重新定义 ICT 的使用、市场覆盖的多样化、目标和使命的澄清、创新、性别问题、销售调整、工资问题和品牌问题。在解决这些和其他几个组织需求问题时，管理层将考虑直接影响管理决策的因素，包括每个制度下的成本分析。决策的成本分析被证明是选择替代决策的决定因素，因为某些生产成本组合通常比其他生产成本组合更合适和适用。沃尔玛将使用定性和定量因素作为替代限定词，以做出成功的决策。
Conclusion
Information technologies applications in an organizational operation setting is perhaps one of most adventurous project that innovation and the business world have in complimenting each other. Since inception in 162, Walmart has grown to be an international corporation with a huge propensity to success and expansive opportunity to traverse the boundaries across the continents.
However, the corporation has not been able to enjoy the full exploitation of opportunities presented by its unique market position. As demonstrated above, strategic control and planning hold an important channel through which the corporation can redefine the apparent latent propensity to take up opportunity. If the fortunes of economic success presented to the corporation by its shareholder value, objectives, profitability, market share, productivity, management team, soul and social presence are to be exploited using the appropriate strategy, it can acquire a special niche occupied by none other. Based on the analysis of its needs against a backdrop of its objectives, Walmart can be said to be slowed down by the lack of appreciation of its weaknesses and capitalizing on its strengths.
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结论 管理信息系统论文代写
组织运营环境中的信息技术应用可能是创新和商业世界相互补充的最具冒险精神的项目之一。自 162 年成立以来，沃尔玛已发展成为一家具有巨大成功倾向和跨越大陆边界的广阔机会的国际公司。
然而，该公司未能充分利用其独特的市场地位所带来的机会。如上所述，战略控制和规划是一个重要的渠道，公司可以通过它重新定义抓住机会的明显潜在倾向。如果通过适当的策略来利用股东价值、目标、盈利能力、市场份额、生产力、管理团队、灵魂和社会影响力为公司带来的经济成功财富，它可以获得一个没有其他人占据的特殊利基.根据其目标背景下对其需求的分析，可以说沃尔玛由于缺乏对其弱点的认识和利用其优势而放慢了脚步。
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