Reverse Engineering代写 Coursework代写 manual static analysis代写

IY3840 (2018-2019) – Coursework #1

Reverse Engineering代写 In this assignment, you will practice reverse engineering as a form of manual static analysis. This assignment0000000000.

Reverse Engineering Botnet Domain Generation Algorithms

Daniele Sgandurra

This assignment is due on Tuesday, March 19th, 2019, 11:59pm (UK Time)

Overview Reverse Engineering代写

In this assignment, you will practice reverse engineering as a form of manual static analysis. This assignment will count 20% towards your final course mark.

Coursework description

Some families of botnets contact their C&C servers with domain names generated using domain generation algo- rithms (DGAs). Sometimes, every new version of a bot binary is embedded with a different set of DGA input parameters (e.g., a seed, known to the cyber attackers only, and the date of the generation – usually, the cur- rent date) as to generate several, different domain names of C&C servers in an attempt to make it hard for law enforcement agencies and cyber-security researchers to shut down botnet operations.Reverse Engineering代写

For this coursework, you will be provided with a binary implementing a DGA, which you have to reverse engineer (using IDA1, on any supported platform) and run (on a Linux system) to understand its inner working. In particular, you are interested in discovering the way future domains are generated. The ELF-64 binary file to be analyzed is available on Moodle, and is called dga².

Questions Reverse Engineering代写

NOTE:

Please note that for each answer to each question you need to report the requested values (if any) and justify the answer (e.g., how/why/what) in the submitted answers document. Furthermore, for some questions, some additional fifiles have to be included in the submission (these fifiles do not have to be included in the document as well, e.g. screenshots) – see “Submission” Section below for the submission specififi-cation. Full marks will be given for an answer/solution that is complete and does not have inconsistencies. You should try all questions and submit what you have done,even if you are unable to complete some of the questions. Some marks are given for a correct approach even when the overall solution is incomplete or incorrect.Reverse Engineering代写

If you have trouble understanding something, please ask a question on the Moodle discussion forum. However, if the question gives away solution details, write a private e-mail instead of a public question. Similarly, if answering questions of others (onMoodle or in person), do not give any form of help that you would not expect the course lecturer to give. In the following, studentSeed has to be computed using the SHA256 of your candidate ID, taking the fifirst four characters of the resulting hash and converting them in ASCII code – see the provided example below.

1A free version of IDA can be obtained here:

https://www.hex-rays.com/products/ida/support/download_freeware.shtml.

2Please note that the provided binary is benign.

1.Using IDA,Reverse Engineering代写

find the values in dga of (i) the seed and (ii) the attack date (day, month, year) passed to the DGA function. Then, rename these variables in dgabinary with meaningful names using IDA.

Answers document: provide these values and briefly justify how you have found them. Additional files: pro- vide a screenshot of IDA assembly snippet showing these variables (renamed). The file with the screenshot should be named studentSeed-IY3840-Coursework1-IDA1.png.10 marks

2.Using IDA, try to understand how to get the domain name generated by DGA by running dga without modifications,and then run Hint: understanding the edi and rsi registers might helpAnswers document: provide the name of the generated domain name and briefly justify how you were able to retrieve it. Additional files: provide a screenshot of the relevant IDA assembly snippet and a screenshot of the generated domain. These files should be named, respectively, studentSeed-IY3840-Coursework1- IDA2.png and studentSeed-IY3840-Coursework1-domain1.png.20 marks

Using IDA, patch dga⁴to replace the embedded seed and attack date with, respectively, your studentSeed and the date of the submission (19 March 2019). Then, run the patched dga (on a Linux system) to retrieve the new domain as in the previous Reverse Engineering代写

Answers document:

provide the name of the new generated domain. Additional files: provide the patched dga, which should be named studentSeed-IY3840-Coursework1-dga-patched1, and a screenshot of IDA showing the assembly snippet with the patched variables (with their replaced value), which should be named studentSeed-IY3840-Coursework1-IDA3.png, as well as the screenshot of the new generated do- main, which should be named studentSeed-IY3840-Coursework1-domain2.png.10 marks

Using IDA, find a way to patch dga (in two points) so that the seed can be read from command line and passedto the DGA Hint: find an existing variable that can be user-controlled.

Answers document: briefly describe your approach. Additional files: provide the patched dga, which should be named studentSeed-IY3840-Coursework1-dga-patched2.30 marks

5.Generate 10 domains by running the patched dga with 10 seeds

(as in the previous step), from (your stu- dentSeed+ 1) to (your studentSeed + 10). For each domain, compute its “frequency value”5 using the Freq tool6, and similarly compute the “frequency value” on the top 10 sites7. Create a chart graph with these val- ues composed of two lines with different colours (one for the 10 DGA domains, one for the top 10 Alexa).Reverse Engineering代写

Answers document: briefly explain the results. Additional files: provide the screenshot of the generated do- mains, which should be named studentSeed-IY3840-Coursework1-domain3.png, as well as the graph of the frequency values, which should be named studentSeed-IY3840-Coursework1-frequency.png.20 marks

Answersdocument: briefly explain the flow/logic of the main function in dga binary (you don’t need to de- scribe the inner working of the DGA function).5 marks
Answers document: brieflyexplain a possible way to disarm the botnet operations once you have retrieved the domain name of a future C&C server from the dgabinary.5 marks Reverse Engineering代写

3 See X86 Calling conventions on Linux: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_calling_conventions#System_V_AMD64_ABI.

4 See here: https://www.hex-rays.com/products/ida/support/idadoc/526.shtml.

5 See https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/Detecting+Random+Finding+Algorithmically+chosen+DNS+names+DGA/19893/.

6Available at: https://github.com/markbaggett/freq

7According to Alexa: https://www.alexa.com/topsites

Submission Reverse Engineering代写

You have to submit your work electronically via the Moodle submission link at the course page. You must submit a single zip file named studentSeed-IY3840-Coursework1.zip containing a folder called studentSeed-IY3840- Coursework1 including the following files (and nothing else):

Answers document: a 1-page PDF document including the answers using a 11pt font and 0.5in margins (both like this document’s formatting). The PDF should report at the top, IY3840, Coursework#1, and your studentSeed. The PDF should be named studentSeed-IY3840-Coursework1-answers.pdf.
Additionalfiles: screenshots and patched binaries as specified in theThe files you submit cannot be uploaded/updated/read by anyone else. You can, however, update your sub- mission as often as you like by resubmitting, though only the last version submitted will be kept. Please note that all your submissions will be graded anonymously. Hence, do not include any form of identification in the submission (e.g., student ID, candidate ID, name, surname, etc.). Regardless of anything else, a submission might be given 0 mark in the following cases:

Nothing is submitted or the submission cannot beopened/read
Submitted after thedeadline
A submission that does not follow the given specifications (e.g., providing a PDF longer than 1 page, not submitting a zip file, etc.) Reverse Engineering代写
Plagiarism or similarbehaviours

NOTE: All the work you submit should be solely your own work. Coursework sub

missions are routinely

An example of a submission is shown in the following.

Submission example Reverse Engineering代写

Student with candidate ID 18001234 wants to submit their coursework. To get the studentSeed, the student computes the SHA2568 of 18001234: in this example, the first four characters of the computed SHA256 string are 3147. When encoding 3147 in ASCII9, the student gets 51495255, which is their studentSeed. This student submits a single zip file, called 51495255-IY3840-Coursework1.zip. This zip file contains a folder, called 51495255- IY3840-Coursework1, which includes the following files:

51495255-IY3840-Coursework1-answers.pdf 51495255-IY3840-Coursework1-dga-patched1 51495255-IY3840-Coursework1-dga-patched2 51495255-IY3840-Coursework1-domain1.png 51495255-IY3840-Coursework1-domain2.png 51495255-IY3840-Coursework1-domain3.png 51495255-IY3840-Coursework1-frequency.png 51495255-IY3840-Coursework1-IDA1.png 51495255-IY3840-Coursework1-IDA2.png 51495255-IY3840-Coursework1-IDA3.png

An example of the answers document submitted by this student (file named 51495255-IY3840-Coursework1- answers.pdf) is shown in the next page.Reverse Engineering代写

8You can use this online tool: https://passwordsgenerator.net/sha256-hash-generator/

9You can use this online tool: https://onlinestringtools.com/convert-string-to-ascii

IY3840, Coursework#1, 51495255

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