Homework for EN 553.753 Commodity Markets and Trade Finance
Trade Finance代写 Your assignment is to build a model of historical volatility for the WTI crude oil and Henry Hub natural gas futures curves
Part I: Energy
First Half of Spring 2019 Term
c2019Gary L. Schultz, PhD February 22, 2019
Homework #2: Modeling Forward Oil and Gas Curves with Principal ComponentsTrade Finance代写
30 points. Due Monday, March 4.
Your assignment is to build a model of historical volatility for the WTI crude oil and Henry Hub natural gas futures curves and use it to answer certain questions. Please produce a quality report giving insight into the business problems given below. Do not simply run a Jupyter notebook containing the calculations. Instead you should explain the analysis to your readers in a way that makes them understand the situation and your conclusions.Trade Finance代写
(You may use any computing tools you like – Matlab and R are very useful. However, there are sample Jupyter notebooks using python included with this assignment. The most useful python packages for working with data in python are “pandas” and “numpy”. You should be able to find all you need by searching for “python pandas” in your favorite search engine.)
1 Data Trade Finance代写
Get all of the files from the PC Homework on the course blackboard site. You should have
- csv containing heating oilprices,
- csv containing crude oil prices(WTI),
- csvcontaining natural gas prices (Henry Hub), and
- 200ipynb containing python code to munge data and do computations for an n-factor heating oil model.Trade Finance代写
2 Build and Analyze an Oil Forward Price Model
Plot the WTI forward curve for the earliest trade date in the dataset and the most recent trade date in the dataset. Based on these plots, describe what kinds of changes the WTI curve has undergone over the period of time covered by this dataset.
Clean the data: The data given has a rather silly looking spike in the log return some time in 2017. Things like this almost always indicate bad data. Please remove the offending days’ data before building the model below.
Use the principal components technique described in class to build volatility functions (columns of L) for a 60 month oil model. You need not worry about seasonality for the oil curve.Trade Finance代写
How many factors (columns of L) do you need in order to explain at least 99% of the variance?
Show a plot of the three most significant volatility functions. (It should show a clear “shift”, “twist”, “bend” pattern discussed in the lecture.)
3 Build and Analyze a Natural Gas Forward Price Model Trade Finance代写
Plot the gas forward curve for the earliest trade date in the dataset and the most recent trade date in the dataset. Based on these plots, describe what kinds of changes the henry hub curve has undergone over the period of time covered by this dataset.
Natural gas markets are very seasonal. Please compute the de-seasonalized annualized log returns and the seasonal factors as shown in the lectures. Recall that seasonal factors should average to 1. Again, assume 250 trading days per year. You should consider using the first 12 months of maturities for the de-seasonalization. Show a plot of the seasonal factors. Which parts of the year are associated with increased volatility?
Next, compute the deseasonalized log returns from the seasonality factor and the log returns. How many maturities do you have data enough to build a model (with no missing data)?Trade Finance代写
Based on the de-seasonalized annual log returns, compute a principal components model for 60 maturities of gas. Use all of these return data (every trading date given in the data file). How many factors are needed to explain at least 98% of the variance? Plot those volatility functions (that explain 98% of the variance), showing the “shift”, “twist”, and “bend”, etc. as applicable.
Finally, consider the de-seasonalized log return data for the first 36 maturities.That is, we wish to restrict the model to the first three years instead of all possible maturities as given above. How many factors do you now need to explain 98% of the variance? Please plot those volatility functions as above (showing “shift” etc.).
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