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考古学文章代写 Article 1：The article explores the broad topic of the criticisms on the analogies used in the archaeology. Article 2：The article ···
Article 1
The article explores the broad topic of the criticisms on the analogies used in the archaeology. The writer tries to show how the reactions against the analogy have failed especially in providing the alternative of the analogical reasoning in archaeology. The main point in the article is how the application of analogy is valid with certain limitations in applying analogical inferences. In essence, the writer proposes that the analogies used in archaeology are neither dispensable nor radically faulty.
The inferences can be used with limitations and where the scientific alternative is available used to support the archaeological evidence. The Wylie concluded that “I suggest that, contrary to the claims of the perennial critics of analogy, the analogical inference is not radically faulty or categorically misleading. There are criteria and associated methodological strategies for strengthening and evaluating analogical inferences, if not for “proving” them. That provide a basis for weeding out and decisively rejecting those cases of false analogy that originally inspired the reaction against analogy” (Wylie 107). Here the writer explicitly states his stand in as far as criticism laid against analogy is concerned.
Article 2 考古学文章代写
The article answers the questions on how the modern archaeology is conducted. In support of his argument, the writer shows “the fundamental preconditions and typical characteristics of scientific experiments” (Kelterborn 599). In so doing, the author tries to show how the analogies used in experimentations has gained prestige in archaeology.
In other words, the author calls them the success factors in scientific experiments, which include clear purpose, thorough execution of key activities, and adherence to the scientific standards. The article also includes the winning strategies used in the archaeological experiments.
In this regard, the author argues of different archaeological problems with no standard strategy for approaching the experiment and which can be termed as the winning strategy. “ Just as the game may be won in different ways, so a problem may be solved by following different strategies”. (Kelterborn 601)
Additionally, the writer states that scientists also must have priorities in each experimentation project. He concluded that, although “experimentation is one of the working tools of archaeology, it is not an end to itself”. (Kelterborn 602) The archaeology needs to apply the scientific experiments correctly to have good results.
Article 3 考古学文章代写
The article informs through exposition about the analogy as used in the archaeology, ethnoarchaeology, and the formation of the archaeological records. All these topics are constituted in the book “The Present Past: An Introduction to an Anthropology for Archaeologists” by Ian Hodder. Under the use of analogy, the author explores the issues with the use and application of analogy in archaeology. And how the archaeologist can use it correctly to bring meaningful and acceptable results. He said that “an interpretation of the past using the analogy is thought to be unreliable because, if things and societies in the past and present are similar in some aspects, this does not necessarily mean they are similar in others” (Hodder 12).
About ethnoarchaeology, the writer relates it with archaeology in the experimental perspective, gives a history of the ethnographic analogies as used in the archaeology, and provide methods use in the ethnoarchaeology. The chapter explores ethnoarchaeology as an essential source of analogies used in the archaeological experimentation. He defines ethnoarchaeology as the use of the archaeological findings and relates them to the present society to get the conclusion about their similarity or difference which help in the formation of archaeological analogies. In the last topic of the article, the author explains how archaeological records are formed. He describes the post-deposition and deposition of the archaeological materials. Additionally, the writer tells the analogy of the distribution of the materials used in the archaeology which explains how they came to be and the various impacts to the remains.
Article 4 考古学文章代写
The article is a topic in the book “Fundamental Issues in Archaeology Beyond Foraging and Collecting” by Kenneth M. Ames. The topic broadly explains the continuum of the sea with primary focus on the development of sea transport. The thesis of the paper is the boats as the means of transport and how it has been integrated into sea production and overhaul transportation. He also tries to explain the growth in the aquatic carrier in term of population densities and the need attached to the marine carriage.
Further, the article is inclined to explaining how foraging and sea transport can shape the archaeological collection. “… aquatic hunter-gatherers may create few or no task-specific sites and that residential sites will contain evidence for localized processing”. (Ames 46) The writer begins by introducing the term “aquatic hunters and gatherers,” which mean those people who depend on the sea for livelihood through fishing and exploration of other resources which are suitable for trade. In this context, the writer tries to explain why the ocean transport has grown exponentially fast compared to other means of transportation. In general overview of the topic, the writer wrote about the aquatic hunter-gatherers, marine transportation, and technologies in North Pacific. The essence of the topic is to show the connection between sea transport with archaeological exploration.
Work Cited 考古学文章代写
Ames, Kenneth M. “Going by Boat.” Fundamental Issues in Archaeology Beyond Foraging and Collecting, 2002, pp. 19–52., doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0543-3_2.
Hodder, Ian. The Past Present: An Introduction to Anthropology for Archaeologists. St. Martin’s Press, 1982.
Kelterborn, Peter. “Preconditions and Strategies od Experimental Archaeology.” Actes du V’ Colloque International sur de Silex, 1990, pp. 599-602
Wylie, Alison. “The Reaction against Analogy.” Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, 1985, pp. 63–111., doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-003108-5.50008-7.
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文章要点摘要
考古学文章代写 第1条：本文探讨了对考古学类比的批评的广泛主题。第2条：该文章···
第1篇
本文探讨了有关考古中使用类比的批评的广泛主题。作者试图证明对类比的反应是如何失败的，特别是在提供考古学类比推理的替代方法方面。本文的要点是，在应用类推推理时，类推的应用如何有效但有一定的局限性。本质上，作者提出考古学中使用的类比既不是可有可无的，也不是根本上的错误。
可以有限地使用这些推论，并且在可以使用科学替代方法来支持考古证据的地方。 Wylie得出结论：“我建议，与长期以来对类比的批评家的主张相反，类比推论不是根本上的过失或绝对的误导。如果没有“证明”推论，就有一些标准和相关的方法论策略可以加强和评估类推推论。这为清除和果断拒绝最初引起反对类比反应的那些错误类比案例提供了基础”（Wylie 107）。在这里，作者就反对类比的批评明确表达了自己的立场。
第2篇 考古学文章代写
本文回答了有关如何进行现代考古学的问题。为了支持他的观点，作者展示了“科学实验的基本前提和典型特征”（Kelterborn 599）。通过这样做，作者试图证明实验中使用的类比如何在考古学中获得声望。
换句话说，作者称它们为科学实验的成功因素，包括明确的目的，关键活动的彻底执行以及对科学标准的遵守。本文还介绍了考古实验中使用的获胜策略。在这方面，作者争论了不同的考古问题，没有标准的方法来进行实验，可以将其称为获胜策略。 “就像游戏可能以不同的方式获胜一样，通过遵循不同的策略也可以解决问题”。 （凯特伯恩601）
此外，作者指出，科学家在每个实验项目中也必须具有优先权。他总结说，尽管“实验是考古学的一种工作工具，但它本身并不是目的”。 （Kelterborn 602）考古学需要正确地应用科学实验才能取得良好的结果。
第3篇 考古学文章代写
本文通过阐述，介绍了考古学，民族考古学和考古记录的形成所使用的类比。所有这些主题都由伊恩·霍德（Ian Hodder）撰写的《过去的过去：考古学家的人类学概论》一书中构成。在类比法的运用下，作者探讨了类比法在考古学中的使用和应用问题。以及考古学家如何正确使用它来带来有意义的和可接受的结果。他说：“使用类比对过去进行解释被认为是不可靠的，因为如果过去和现在的事物和社会在某些方面是相似的，那并不一定意味着它们在其他方面是相似的”（Hodder 12）。
关于民族考古学，作者从实验的角度将其与考古学联系起来，给出了在考古学中使用的人种学类比的历史，并提供了在民族考古学中使用的方法。本章探讨了民族考古学，将其作为考古实验中使用的类比的重要来源。他将民族考古学定义为对考古发现的利用，并将其与当前社会联系起来，以得出关于它们的相似性或差异性的结论，这有助于形成考古类比。在本文的最后一个主题中，作者解释了考古记录是如何形成的。他描述了考古材料的后沉积和沉积。此外，作者讲述了考古中使用的材料的类比，解释了它们的产生方式以及对遗体的各种影响。
第4篇 考古学文章代写
这篇文章是肯尼思·艾姆斯（Kenneth M. Ames）所著的《除觅食和采集之外的考古学基本问题》一书中的主题。该主题从广义上解释了海洋的连续性，主要侧重于海上运输的发展。本文的主题是作为运输工具的船只，以及如何将其整合到海上生产和大修运输中。他还试图根据人口密度和对海上运输的需求来解释水生承运人的增长。
此外，本文倾向于解释觅食和海上运输如何影响考古收藏。 “……水生狩猎采集者可能创建很少或没有特定任务的场所，而居民场所将包含本地化处理的证据”。 （埃姆斯46）作者首先介绍了“水生猎人和采集者”一词，这是指那些靠捕鱼和勘探其他适合贸易的资源依靠海洋谋生的人。 在这种情况下，作者试图解释为什么海洋运输与其他运输方式相比呈指数级增长。 在对该主题的总体概述中，作者撰写了有关北太平洋的水族狩猎采集者，海洋运输和技术的文章。 该主题的实质是显示海上运输与考古探索之间的联系。
Work Cited 考古学文章代写
Ames, Kenneth M. “Going by Boat.” Fundamental Issues in Archaeology Beyond Foraging and Collecting, 2002, pp. 19–52., doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0543-3_2.
Hodder, Ian. The Past Present: An Introduction to Anthropology for Archaeologists. St. Martin’s Press, 1982.
Kelterborn, Peter. “Preconditions and Strategies od Experimental Archaeology.” Actes du V’ Colloque International sur de Silex, 1990, pp. 599-602
Wylie, Alison. “The Reaction against Analogy.” Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, 1985, pp. 63–111., doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-003108-5.50008-7.
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