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USVI Report
美国能源研究报告代写 USVI Report：The report is a strategic masterplan which the government of USVI can use to achieve its energy sufficiency.
Summary
For the Virginia Islands to develop and become advanced economies that are self-sufficient with good security, affordable energy and high economic growth, energy sector needed to be re-engineered. In so doing, Eric Lantz, Dan Olis and Adam Warren in partnership with the U.S Virgin Islands, U.S Department of Energy, and the U.S Department of the Interior conducted research that will see the island’s power grid increase both in terms of energy sufficiency, efficiency and sustainability. The main objective for conducting this research was to provide an overview of the current power consumption and source then propose cheaper alternative energy sources. They found that USV is highly dependent on fossil energy which was expensive and unreliable. The research recommended a reduction in fossil fuel use to 60% by 2025.
The report is a strategic masterplan which the government of USVI can use to achieve its energy sufficiency. Findings of the research were intended to help the government tremendously turn to use alternative energy sources such as wind power, biomass, solar etc. the implementation of which will see the nations less dependent on oil energy that is both expensive and detrimental to the global climate. Therefore, the vision enshrined in this report can be achieved by reducing fossil use to 60% by creating new energy mix that includes renewable energy. Overall, the report was used as a framework for making energy decisions in USVI.
译文：
概括 美国能源研究报告代写
为了使弗吉尼亚群岛得以发展并成为拥有良好安全性，可负担的能源和高经济增长的自给自足的先进经济体，需要重新设计能源部门。通过这样做，埃里克·兰茨（Eric Lantz），丹·奥利斯（Dan Olis）和亚当·沃伦（Adam Warren）与美属维尔京群岛，美国能源部和美国内政部合作进行了研究，这些研究将发现该岛的电网在能源充足性，效率方面都在增加和可持续性。进行这项研究的主要目的是概述当前的功耗和能源，然后提出更便宜的替代能源。他们发现，USV高度依赖化石能源，而化石能源既昂贵又不可靠。研究建议到2025年将化石燃料的使用量减少到60％。
该报告是USVI政府可以用来实现其能源充足的战略总体规划。研究结果旨在帮助政府极大地转向使用替代能源，例如风能，生物质能，太阳能等。实施这些替代能源将使各国减少对石油能源的依赖，因为石油能源既昂贵又不利于全球气候。因此，可以通过创建包括可再生能源在内的新能源组合，将化石的使用量减少至60％，从而实现本报告中的愿景。总体而言，该报告被用作USVI能源决策的框架。
Comparison of three future scenarios
The report recommended three scenarios including high renewable scenario, the base case, and high-efficiency in the energy mix. The main criteria for selecting these scenarios are efficiency and sustainability. They also considered the opportunity for renewable energy options feasible in the islands. They found that, if the three scenarios are to be implemented in the energy mix, then the overall oil consumption will reduce by 40% by 2025 (Lantz, Olis, and Warren 53).
However, the three scenarios are not similar in their costs, implementation, efficiency and sustainability. The main differences are brought about by the critical variables. The fundamental for carrying out this research was how to achieve lower oil consumption by exploring alternatives such as renewable energy and creating energy efficiency. The efficiency creation in the three scenarios is highly dependent on the availability of water and power production. Below is figure 1 with illustrations of the three scenarios and the energy mix target by 2025.
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三种未来情况的比较 美国能源研究报告代写
该报告建议了三种方案，包括高可再生方案，基本方案和能源结构的高效率。选择这些方案的主要标准是效率和可持续性。他们还认为在岛屿上提供可再生能源选择的机会是可行的。他们发现，如果要在能源结构中实施这三种方案，那么到2025年，总体石油消耗将减少40％（Lantz，Olis和Warren 53）。
但是，这三种方案的成本，实施，效率和可持续性都不相同。主要差异是由关键变量引起的。开展这项研究的基础是如何通过探索可再生能源等替代方法并提高能源效率来降低油耗。三种情况下的效率创造高度依赖于水和电力生产的可用性。下面的图1展示了这三种情景以及到2025年的能源混合目标。
Figure 1: Three energy mix scenarios
Source: Lantz, Olis, and Warren (51)
The technology needs and costs in each scenario are the main factors that determine the costs in each scenario.
As a result, the cost in all scenarios is different. The implementation of renewable energy was the most expensive compared to others at a cost of $635 million (Lantz, Olis, and Warren 51). High renewable energy was highly dependent on utility-scale renewable energy generation technology. The second implementation cost was the base case which was estimated to cost about $565 million (Lantz, Olis, and Warren 30). The least expensive was high-efficiency case at the cost of about $495 million. The research established that high price of renewable energy is a result of advanced and specialized technologies. The reliance on utility-scale generation significantly reduced implementation and transaction costs in comparison to high-efficiency scenario. When there are many end-users in efficiency creation, the implementation and transaction costs is reduced.
Additionally, the three scenarios have different levels of variable output renewables. This is a critical consideration when small islands power systems like USVI are involved. They found that WAPA energy mix variable generation in USVI ranged from 10% to 20% (Lantz, Olis, and Warren 54). The variable output generations are manageable either in large or small power systems like one in USVI. Nevertheless, additional research was required to evaluate the impact and costs that are associated with different levels of variable output renewable in the energy mix.
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每个场景中的技术需求和成本是确定每个场景中成本的主要因素。 美国能源研究报告代写
结果，在所有方案中的成本都是不同的。与其他能源相比，可再生能源的实施成本最高，花费了6.35亿美元（Lantz，Olis和Warren 51）。高可再生能源高度依赖公用事业规模的可再生能源发电技术。第二个实施成本是基本案例，估计耗资约5.65亿美元（Lantz，Olis和Warren 30）。成本最低的是高效案例，成本约为4.95亿美元。该研究确定，可再生能源的高价格是先进和专门技术的结果。与高效方案相比，对公用事业规模发电的依赖大大降低了实施和交易成本。当效率创造中有许多最终用户时，将降低实施和交易成本。
此外，这三种方案具有不同级别的可变输出可再生能源。当涉及诸如USVI的小岛电力系统时，这是一个至关重要的考虑因素。他们发现，USVI中WAPA能量混合变量的产生范围为10％至20％（Lantz，Olis和Warren 54）。在大型或小型电力系统（如USVI中的电力系统）中，可变输出代都是可管理的。尽管如此，仍需要进行其他研究来评估与能源结构中不同水平的可变输出可再生能源相关的影响和成本。
How to include greater storage components in the energy mix
The whole energy grid needs to operate with a balance between power supply and demand. Power efficiency is thrown off balance fluctuations in power supply and demand. Energy storage is the best approach in creating efficiency and balance in power grid. When the power is stored, it can be released when then production is low and demand is high. On the other hand, power is stored during the time of high output and low consumption. The practice ensures energy production and supply become economical, reliable and sustainable.
USVI requires investment in energy storage to create both efficiency and sustainability particularly in renewable energy. The use of compressed air system is one the ways energy can be stored. The system allows compression of air in underground convers which can later be used to generate power using high speech air. The USVI should also invest in production of advanced batteries to store energy at the time of plenty. These batteries can be used both in power stations, factories and homes as back-ups. Lastly, electricity can be harnessed at the time of plenty production to pump water into the reservoir which can later be released to generate power when demand is higher than production. These storage methods go far than just creating efficiency but also sustainability of the power grid.
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如何在能源结构中包含更多的存储组件 美国能源研究报告代写
整个能源网需要在电力供需之间保持平衡。电力效率抵消了电力供需的平衡波动。储能是在电网中创造效率和平衡的最佳方法。当电力被存储时，可以在产量低且需求高时释放电力。另一方面，在高输出和低消耗期间存储功率。该实践可确保能源生产和供应变得经济，可靠和可持续。
USVI要求对储能进行投资，以创造效率和可持续性，特别是在可再生能源方面。压缩空气系统的使用是能量存储的一种方式。该系统允许压缩地下通道中的空气，随后可使用高语音空气来发电。 USVI还应投资生产先进的电池，以便在充足的时间存储能量。这些电池可在发电厂，工厂和家庭中用作备用电池。最后，在大量生产时可以利用电力将水泵入水库，然后在需求高于生产时将其释放以发电。这些存储方法不仅可以提高效率，还可以提高电网的可持续性。
Criticism of the report
The research failed to give much exposition on the available and feasible renewable energy sources for the achievement of a 40% reduction in oil consumption. I believe renewable energy is the highest potential source of energy that need more and detailed research. Therefore, if the study could have evaluated more on the available renewable energy sources, perhaps the 60% target could be achieved in 2022.
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对报告的批评 美国能源研究报告代写
该研究未能充分说明可用的和可行的可再生能源，以实现40％的石油消耗减少。 我相信可再生能源是需要更多和详细研究的最大潜在能源。 因此，如果这项研究可以对现有的可再生能源进行更多的评估，那么也许到2022年就可以实现60％的目标。
Work Cited 美国能源研究报告代写
Lantz, Eric, Dan Olis, and Adam Warren. US Virgin Islands energy road map: Analysis. No. NREL/TP-6A20-52360. National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States), 2011.
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