Primary Source Analysis
Name of Student
Nican Mopohua
Antonio Valeriano
Date of Submission:
神话来源分析 Nican Mopohua is a catechetical instrument whose main story revolves around emphasizing the farmer whose standards of living were low
Introduction
Author’s Background and Potential Bias.
Nican Mopohua is a catechetical instrument whose main story revolves around emphasizing the farmer. Whose standards of living were low and his readiness to embrace the message of the Virgin. And correctly responds to the newly found, option for the poor. It also shows an engagement that is romantic with a folk culture, which leads to the characterization of the revolutionary years. Also, the text Nican Mopohua is concerning various phases of apparitions and has an account on Guadalupe, the holy Virgin.神话来源分析
Its writing was in a time when there were settlement and peace. It was after a war in the city of Mexico, and the people yearned for the knowledge about God, with their faith growing stronger daily. Symbols such as flowers pointed to the truth of things, and winged angels symbolized a divine mediation. In the written works of Valerio, there is a further representation of devotion of Our Lady of Guadalupe OF Mexico. And her appearance to the native boy Juan Diego is enduringly captivating. From the text, an argument raised is with the main aim of the building of a church. And to convert the natives to Christianity and not necessarily a historical account.
译文：
介绍 神话来源分析
作者的背景和潜在的偏见。
尼干魔婆是一种教义工具，其主要故事围绕着对农民的强调展开。他的生活水平很低，并且愿意接受圣母的信息。并正确响应新发现的穷人选择。它还展示了一种与民间文化浪漫的订婚，这导致了革命年代的表征。此外，Nican Mopohua 文本涉及显灵的各个阶段，并有关于圣女瓜达卢佩的记述。
它的写作是在有定居与和平的时期。那是在墨西哥城战后，人们渴望认识神，信心一天比一天强。花朵等象征指向事物的真相，而有翅膀的天使则象征着神圣的中介。在瓦莱里奥的著作中，进一步体现了墨西哥瓜达卢佩圣母的奉献精神。而她对本土男孩胡安·迭戈 (Juan Diego) 的出现也经久不衰。从文本中可以看出，提出的论点的主要目的是建立教堂。并将当地人转变为基督教，而不一定是历史记载。
The Choosing of the Recipient of the Message. 神话来源分析
There is a theme of a belief in the relationship between man and God. It is evident in Juan Diego, who was very pious. In choosing the recipient of the message suggests that the author had a feeling that it being a call for spiritual enlightenment for the natives had to be done by a religious man.
It is worth noting that the person who received the message was a poor man who was loved by the people, and more importantly, respectable. It is also worth noting that the farmer had a pious life and with a matured spirituality. As he had gone to the mountains in quest of God’s commandments. The peasant also was very devoted to the image of the Holy Virgin. And as the message was to bring spiritual light to the people, a proper religious man. Who was not after the earthly desires were the right conveyer of the word.神话来源分析
The author points out that Juan Diego was at first doubting whether he was worthy of hearing the message and even thought to himself that he was sleeping or was in heaven. The description of what he saw is painted out to be holy. First, he heard singing on the hill, which was quite enchanting, then a voice calling out his name. And on reaching to the point where the sound came from, he saw a maiden standing there. The description of the maiden is also heavenly as her clothes were shining and where she stood emitted rays.
译文：
消息接收者的选择。 神话来源分析
有一个主题是相信人与上帝之间的关系。胡安·迭戈很明显，他非常虔诚。在选择消息的接收者时，作者有一种感觉，即必须由宗教人士来呼吁当地人进行精神启蒙。
值得注意的是，收到消息的人是一个受人爱戴的穷人，更重要的是受人尊敬。值得一提的是，这位农民生活虔诚，灵性成熟。因为他去山上寻求上帝的诫命。农民也非常热衷于圣母的形象。由于信息是为人们带来精神之光，因此是一个真正的宗教人士。谁不追求尘世的欲望，就是这个词的正确传达者。
作者指出，胡安·迭戈起初怀疑自己是否值得听到这个信息，甚至心想自己是在睡觉还是在天堂。他所看到的描述被描绘成神圣的。他先是听到山上的歌声，相当迷人，然后是呼唤他名字的声音。到了声音传来的地方，他看到了站在那里的少女。对少女的描写也是天上的，她的衣裳闪闪发光，站着的地方散发着光芒。
The Message
The author displays a theme of praise and adoration in the interaction between the peasant and the Holy Maiden. According to the nature of the message, Valeriano shows that the message was spiritual and Godly. It was, therefore, of great importance to the spiritual standing of the natives. The peasant prostrated himself before the maiden and received the message, all the time addressing her as My Lady.
The Lady then moves to relay her divine will to the peasant, making it clear the source of her information is from God. “I want very much that they build my sacred little house here.” The message meant the building of a church for God in thess home area of the peasant. The peasant then came down the hill after accepting to relay the message. And went straight to the priest and sought an audience with him.神话来源分析
Hope for the poor and less fortunate is present in the society through the message of the Holy Virgin to the peasant. The message talks of everyone from all the varied ancestries, those who seek the holy Virgin, love her. And trust in her will be able to tell her their suffering. It is because she promised to listen to their sorrows, weeping, and sadness, to cleanse and nurse their troubles. According to Valeriano, the holy Virgin in her message to the peasant also promised to bring her compassion and mercy to the people
译文：
消息 神话来源分析
作者在农民与圣女的互动中表现出赞美和崇拜的主题。根据信息的性质，瓦莱里亚诺表明该信息是属灵的和敬虔的。因此，这对当地人的精神地位非常重要。农夫在少女面前拜倒在地，收到了消息，一直称呼她为我的夫人。
这位女士随后将她的神圣意志传达给农民，明确表示她的信息来自上帝。 “我非常希望他们在这里建造我神圣的小房子。”这条信息意味着在农民的家乡地区为上帝建造一座教堂。农夫接受了转达消息后，便下山了。径直走到神父面前，找他会面。
通过圣母向农民传达的信息，社会中出现了对穷人和不幸者的希望。消息讲述了来自所有不同祖先的每个人，那些寻求圣母的人，爱她。并且相信她就能告诉她自己的痛苦。因为她答应倾听他们的悲伤、哭泣和悲伤，净化和抚慰他们的烦恼。根据瓦莱里亚诺的说法，圣母在给农民的信息中也承诺将她的同情和怜悯带给人们
The theme of faith is in the way the Bishop and the peasant handled the news from the maiden.
The priest did not immediately accept the information, and the author notes that it was devastating for the Indian. He’s devastation is because of the social status of the Indian. The Indian further suggests to the Lady that she should send someone nobler. The man also goes to state that he is of no importance and should have someone of more importance relay the message to the priest in his place. Lady insistently told the man to go back to the priest as it was her wish. That he does so and not anybody else. The man then agrees half-heartedly and goes back to the Bishop with the fear that even though hearing of will be his message will take place, believing him will be impossible for the Bishop.神话来源分析
译文：
信仰的主题在于主教和农民处理少女消息的方式。
牧师没有立即接受信息，作者指出这对印度人来说是毁灭性的。 他的毁灭是因为印度人的社会地位。 印第安人进一步向女士建议，她应该派一个更高尚的人来。 该男子还说他不重要，应该让更重要的人代替他将信息传达给牧师。 女士坚持要男人按照她的意愿回到神父那里。 他这样做而不是其他任何人。 然后这个人半心半意地同意了，带着害怕即使听到他的信息会发生，相信他对主教来说是不可能的，他又回到了主教身边。
During the time, people who belonged to the low social class faced discrimination by the ruling class.
And therefore, overlooking of their views and opinions happened often. It is evident from Valeriano’s text when the message from the peasant is still not believed the second time. And the Bishop requested to at least see a sign before acting on his word. The Bishop even had the messenger followed, but they lost him at a point.
The Bishop was then made to believe that the man was delusional. And the next time he would show up in the palace grounds, he would have him arrested and punished. The Holy Virgin agreed to the Bishop’s request of a sign. Valeriano moves to state that the peasant was to return the following day to take the item that would symbolize a warning from the Lady. For his troubles and effort put into the Holy Virgin’s quest, the peasant received a promise of a reward. The following day, however, the peasant never managed to return as he was attending to his sick relative.神话来源分析
There is a show of power of the Virgin from the author’s account of how the Holy Virgin was able to put out several miraculous signs to show her image to the Bishop. For example, the healing of the peasant’s uncle. Also, the Holy Virgin was able to bring flowers to life even when they were not in season because it was a time when frost was very harsh.
译文：
在此期间，社会底层的人面临统治阶级的歧视。
因此，忽视他们的观点和意见的情况时有发生。从瓦莱里亚诺的文字中可以明显看出，当第二次仍然不相信来自农民的信息时。主教要求在按照他的话行事之前至少要看到一个标志。主教甚至让信使跟在后面，但他们一度失去了他。
主教随后相信这个人是有妄想症。下次他再出现在王宫的场地上，他就会将他逮捕和惩罚。圣母同意了主教的标志请求。瓦莱里亚诺表示，农民将在第二天回来拿走象征女士警告的物品。由于他在追求圣母的过程中所付出的麻烦和努力，农民得到了回报的承诺。然而，第二天，农民在照顾生病的亲戚时再也没有回来。
从作者的叙述中可以看出圣母的力量是如何表现出几个奇迹般的迹象来向主教展示她的形象的。比如给农民叔叔治病。此外，即使在不合时宜的情况下，圣母也能够使花朵栩栩如生，因为那是霜冻非常严酷的时期。
These very same flowers were to act as assign for the Bishop to believe the peasant’s message of building a church for the holy Virgin. 神话来源分析
The author notes that the peasant was very happy as he came back to the Bishop with what he asked a for-a sign. The Lady, however, had also given rigorous instructions on what he was to tell the Bishop. Evidence is in the text through the quote, “You will tell him everything, all that you have seen and these marveled at, and what you have heard.”
The author tries to paint a picture of how those in authority of serving the people at that time were not willing to be accessed by the commoners through surrounding themselves with servants and guards. It is evident as, on arrival of the peasant, the servants of the Bishop could not allow him to see the Bishop. And he just stood there waiting for the servants to change their minds. The servants then notice that the peasant was hiding something in his garment, and they sorted to see what it was. They managed only to take a peek of the glorious flowers. And according to the author, when they tried to grab a few, it appeared as if an embroidery of the flowers were in the peasant’s garments. The servants surprised by the extraordinary acts immediately reported to the Bishop. Who instantly knew that that was the sign he awaited.神话来源分析
译文：
这些同样的花朵将作为分配给主教相信农民为圣母建造教堂的信息。
作者指出，当农民带着他要的东西回到主教面前时，他非常高兴。然而，这位女士也严格指示了他要告诉主教的事情。证据在文本中通过引用，“你会告诉他一切，你所看到的和这些惊奇的，以及你所听到的。”
作者试图描绘出当时那些为人民服务的权威人士是如何不愿意通过将仆人和卫兵包围在自己身边而被平民接近的。很明显，当农民到达时，主教的仆人不允许他见主教。而他只是站在那里等着仆人们回心转意。仆人们随后注意到农民在他的衣服里藏着什么东西，他们分门别类看是什么。他们只能偷看那绚丽的花朵。据作者说，当他们试图抓住一些时，似乎在农民的衣服上绣上了花朵。仆人们对这种非同寻常的行为感到惊讶，立即向主教报告了情况。谁知，这就是他等待的征兆。
The bringing of flowers to Bishop as proof of divine message from the Holy Virgin, suggest that Valeriano was trying to show the romantic interactions between her and the people.
It is as a result of the flowers that the peasant brought to the Bishop were freshly cut. And still had dew on them when it was not even the season for flowers to grow. Also, the flowers produced on rocky ground and on the top of hills where it is not common conditions that will favor its growth.神话来源分析
Upon falling of the flowers on the floor, the image of the Holy Virgin came up. The Bishop was struck with awe and even asked for forgiveness from the Virgin. The Bishop then moved to host the peasant for the night and on the following day, took him out to be shown where the Holy Virgin wanted the church constructed. The peasant returned to his home, where he received high honors from the then sick. And dying uncle who was now very healthy.
The author documents that the Holy Virgin’s wish came to pass as the church building took place in Guadalupe. Also, the image of the Virgin was able to be displayed in her house. It is worth pointing out that the text aimed to strengthen religion and Christianity as the author documents. That the church built by the Bishop on the request of the holy Virgin through the peasant became a place where the offering of prayers took place. The people also marveled at how miraculously the image of the sacred maiden came about. As no one had initially come up with a painting of her beloved image.
译文：
将鲜花带给主教作为来自圣母的神圣信息的证明，表明瓦莱里亚诺试图展示她和人们之间的浪漫互动。
这是因为农民带给主教的鲜花是新鲜切割的。而且还没到花开的季节，上面还沾着露水。此外，在岩石地面和山顶上生长的花朵，在不利于其生长的常见条件下。
花朵落在地板上，圣母的形象就出现了。主教感到敬畏，甚至请求圣母宽恕。主教随后转而接待农民过夜，并在第二天带他出去，带他去看圣母希望建造教堂的地方。农民回到自己的家，在那里他得到了当时生病的人的崇高荣誉。和垂死的叔叔，他现在非常健康。
作者记录了在瓜达卢佩建造教堂时圣母的愿望实现了。此外，圣母的形象能够展示在她的房子里。值得指出的是，该文本旨在加强宗教和基督教作为作者文献。主教应圣母的要求通过农民建造的教堂成为祈祷的地方。人们也惊叹圣女的形象竟然如此神奇。因为最初没有人想出一幅她心爱的形象的画。
Bibliography 神话来源分析
Nican Mopohua La Narracion Mas Antigua De Las Apariciones Guadalupanas, Escrita En Nahuatl Y Traducida Al Espanol. Historia De Las Apariciones. (1986). Social Compass, 33(1), 47-55. doi: 10.1177/003776868603300103
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