Processing-Structure-Property Relationships In (TPE-E) Nanocomposites
材料学论文代写 The processing structure property relationships in (TPE-E) nanocomposites offer rich opportunities in research and development
Contents 材料学论文代写
Processing-Structure-Property Relationships In (TPE-E) Nanocomposites……..1
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………1
Aims of the Research………………………………………………………………………………….1
Literature Review………………………………………………………………………………………2
Significance of the Research……………………………………………………………………….4
Anticipated Outcomes……………………………………………………………………………….4
Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………………………………..6
Design and Methodology……………………………………………………………………………6
Surface Modifiers………………………………………………………………………………………7
The proposed Research……………………………………………………………………………..8
Timelines…………………………………………………………………………………………………8
Introduction
The processing structure property relationships in (TPE-E) nanocomposites offer rich opportunities in research and development of polymer nanocomposites, with great possibilities in improving material properties. The many improvements in materials properties include electrical conductivity, toughness, optical properties, shear and bulk modulus, film scratch resistance, yield strength, and many more. The addition of nanofillers like carbon black to rubbery polymers has a great effect upon the properties of such materials, and only very small amounts of nanoparticles are dispersed in the polymer matrix. 材料学论文代写
An understanding of the basic physical relationship in nano scale structural variables and micro scale properties of polymer nanocomposites is very important in this study. The development of polymer nanocomposites optimally using carbon nanotube and carbon nano fibre requires full comprehension of the processing structure property relationships.
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介绍 材料学论文代写
(TPE-E) 纳米复合材料中的加工结构性能关系为聚合物纳米复合材料的研究和开发提供了丰富的机会，在改善材料性能方面具有很大的可能性。 材料特性的许多改进包括导电性、韧性、光学特性、剪切和体积模量、薄膜抗划伤性、屈服强度等等。 将炭黑等纳米填料添加到橡胶聚合物中对此类材料的性能有很大影响，并且只有非常少量的纳米颗粒分散在聚合物基质中。
了解聚合物纳米复合材料的纳米尺度结构变量和微观尺度性质的基本物理关系在本研究中非常重要。 最佳地使用碳纳米管和碳纳米纤维的聚合物纳米复合材料的开发需要充分理解加工结构性能关系。
Aims of the Research
The aim of the research is to develop improved materials properties in TPE-E nanocomposites using the processing structure property relationships. The research will develop the following objectives which will be investigated:
- To optimally disperse the nanofillers into the TPE-E via melt processing and reactive extrusion (Nanocomposite processing). 材料学论文代写
- To develop a complete understanding of thee processing morphology property in the nanocomposite system, most importantly the interplay between TPE-E nanophase domains and an engineered low and high aspect ratio nanofillers (Morphology and properties)
- To comprehensively determine the mechanical and electrical performance of these nanocomposites.
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研究目的
该研究的目的是利用加工结构特性关系开发改进的 TPE-E 纳米复合材料的材料特性。 该研究将制定以下将被调查的目标：
通过熔融加工和反应挤出（纳米复合加工）将纳米填料以最佳方式分散到 TPE-E 中。
为了全面了解纳米复合材料系统中的加工形态特性，最重要的是 TPE-E 纳米相域与设计的低和高纵横比纳米填料（形态和特性）之间的相互作用
综合测定这些纳米复合材料的机械和电气性能。
Literature Review
An overview of the synthesis and characterization methods of nanocomposite is important in clay layer orientation, and its dispersion in various nanocomposites. Many previous researches have tried to relate the clay orientation to the enhancement of materials properties from a qualitative viewpoint. Quantitative studies are limited may be because of lack of techniques to to quantitatively determine the three dimensional orientation of structures in nanocomposites. In one of the recent developed technique of determining the three dimensional orientation is the effect of compatibilizer concentration upon the orientation and dispersion of structures in polyethylene nanocomposite films, was found to be thickness. An increase in concentration showed a corresponding decrease in orientation of clay layer along the thickness of the film. 材料学论文代写
Other researches have explored ways of using commercially available products to create new materials by synthesising TPE-E, to register a wide range of property improvements. The TPE-E synthesis may comprise melt compounding and reactive extrusion using organic clays as nanofillers. Hybrid composition morphology within nanocomposites when treated in various processes demonstrates maximum range of properties of materials. The various methods of attaining a wide range of property enhancements are the organo clay nanofiller surface modification, additional processing parameter, and the TPE-E hard and soft segment composition ratio together with the organ clay filler aspect. These materials properties are governed by the manipulation of these variables, then assessing the sizes of intercalate molecules.
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文献评论
纳米复合材料的合成和表征方法概述对于粘土层取向及其在各种纳米复合材料中的分散很重要。许多先前的研究试图从定性的角度将粘土取向与材料性能的增强联系起来。定量研究有限可能是因为缺乏定量确定纳米复合材料中结构的三维取向的技术。在最近开发的确定三维取向的技术之一中，发现增容剂浓度对聚乙烯纳米复合膜中结构的取向和分散的影响被发现是厚度。浓度的增加表明粘土层的取向沿薄膜厚度相应减少。
其他研究探索了使用市售产品通过合成 TPE-E 来创造新材料的方法，以实现广泛的性能改进。 TPE-E合成可包括使用有机粘土作为纳米填料的熔融混合和反应挤出。当在各种工艺中处理时，纳米复合材料内的混合组合物形态表现出材料的最大性能范围。获得广泛的性能增强的各种方法是有机粘土纳米填料表面改性、附加加工参数和 TPE-E 硬段和软段组成比以及有机粘土填料方面。这些材料特性受这些变量的控制，然后评估嵌入分子的大小。
Many other studies have focused on the microstructure processing and property relationships,
which have helped in knowledge development and comprehensive understanding of these processes to develop more innovative products both for personal and commercial purposes. Hytrel products have been produced in procedures that involve component fillers using thermogravimetrics. These products are associated with improved strength of plastics and flexibility in rubber, which are available in different grades such as flame retardant and stabilizers. The knowledge of nanocomposites processing in improving property grades will help products that are applied in various fields in both domestic and industrial applications. The properties enhancements could be chemical resistance, and other solvents to protect industrial workers from harmful chemicals. 材料学论文代写
Studies based on the processing property relationships compare the structure property relationships that come from two processes. The impact of ingredients and processing parameters on each process of microstructure and alignment. These microstructures properties are distribution of agglomerates, dispersion, scanning electron, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy. Deagglomeration is critical in magnitude of shear rate and the residence time, the structure property relationships is modelled based on the amount of percolation by representing the material as inter penetrating phase composite, annealing re-establishes interconnectivity and improved electrical properties, degree of dispersion resolved by thermogravimetric analysis, and extrusion speed increment inhibits thermal decomposition and asymptotically increases strength and stiffness through aspect ratio and agglomerates size reductions.
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许多其他研究都集中在微观结构加工和财产关系上，
这有助于知识发展和对这些过程的全面理解，从而为个人和商业目的开发更多创新产品。 Hytrel 产品的生产过程涉及使用热重分析的组分填料。这些产品与提高塑料强度和橡胶柔韧性有关，橡胶有不同等级，如阻燃剂和稳定剂。纳米复合材料加工提高性能等级的知识将有助于产品应用于家庭和工业应用的各个领域。性能增强可能是耐化学性和其他溶剂，以保护工业工人免受有害化学物质的侵害。
基于加工属性关系的研究比较了来自两个过程的结构属性关系。成分和加工参数对微观结构和排列的每个过程的影响。这些微结构特性是附聚物的分布、分散、扫描电子、共聚焦和透射电子显微镜。解聚对于剪切速率和停留时间的大小至关重要，结构特性关系基于渗透量建模，将材料表示为互穿相复合材料，退火重新建立互连并改善电性能，分散程度由热重分析和挤出速度增量抑制热分解，并通过纵横比渐进增加强度和刚度，并附聚尺寸减小。
Reliable models of relating macro scale mechanical properties of solid polymer nanocomposites and nano scale structural variables are very rare and unacceptable.
While, there is a need to create reliable predictive algorithms for industrial mechanical properties needed for structural applications of composite materials engineered at the nano scale is highly advantageous. Physical based bridging laws would be able to close the gap that exists between the discontinuous nano scale structure and continuum macro scale models. For ergodic systems, the macro scale experiments of averaging homogenization from cooperative relaxation domains together with their statistical weights which is proportional to the total volume fraction of domains relaxing. In the case of spherical particles, the distribution of surface curvature and radial distribution of filler particles is equally very important. For anisotropic particles, more descriptive detailed indicators are required. 材料学论文代写
New combinatorial approaches have been developed to determine the processing structure relationships of polymer nanocomposites, with the aim of processing high performance and multifunctional polymer nanocomposites.
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与固体聚合物纳米复合材料的宏观力学性能和纳米级结构变量相关的可靠模型是非常罕见和不可接受的。
同时，需要为在纳米级设计的复合材料的结构应用所需的工业机械性能创建可靠的预测算法是非常有利的。基于物理的桥接定律将能够弥合不连续纳米尺度结构和连续宏观尺度模型之间存在的差距。对于遍历系统，从协作松弛域中平均均匀化的宏观尺度实验及其统计权重与域松弛的总体积分数成正比。在球形颗粒的情况下，填料颗粒的表面曲率分布和径向分布同样非常重要。对于各向异性粒子，需要更详细的描述性指标。
已经开发了新的组合方法来确定聚合物纳米复合材料的加工结构关系，目的是加工高性能和多功能聚合物纳米复合材料。
Significance of the Research
The research hopes to stimulate the development and improvement of nano structured materials in a cost effective processes to augment in the manufacture of domestic and industrial appliances. The research also hopes to address the critical issues in nanocomposites such as the great uncertainty that exists in theoretical modelling and experimental characterization of the nano scale scale reinforcement materials. Challenges related to nanocomposite processing are uniform dispersion of nanoparticles, alignment of nanotubes in polymeric matrix, high volume rate and high rate of fabrication in commercial manufacturing of nanocomposites, and cost saving in reinforcing nanotubes. 材料学论文代写
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研究意义 材料学论文代写
该研究希望以具有成本效益的工艺刺激纳米结构材料的开发和改进，以增加家用和工业电器的制造。 该研究还希望解决纳米复合材料中的关键问题，例如纳米级增强材料的理论建模和实验表征中存在的巨大不确定性。 与纳米复合材料加工相关的挑战是纳米颗粒的均匀分散、纳米管在聚合物基质中的排列、纳米复合材料商业制造中的高体积速率和高制造速率，以及增强纳米管的成本节约。
Anticipated Outcomes
The tensile strength of nanocomposites will significantly increase, which will also see an improvement in impact of strength that corresponds to the same amount of nanoclay concentration with positive matrix filler interactions. Thus expected results are reduced yields stress and the overall tensile stress. The items produced by this process will have multiple applications in human life, as some of the common products include mechanical devices for athletic footwear application, manufacturing stretch watchbands, seals, bushings and belts, pump diaphragms, impact absorbing devices, protective gears: like boots and gears, chemical and solvent resistance.材料学论文代写
New ways of of processing nanocomposites is another expected outcome of the research in the manufacture of different products. The processes of producing raw materials that is applied in the production of other products, so that there is an establishment of of a wide variety of goods to satisfy human’s day to day requirements
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预期结果 材料学论文代写
纳米复合材料的拉伸强度将显着增加，这也将看到强度影响的改善，这对应于相同数量的纳米粘土浓度与正基体填料相互作用。因此，预期的结果是降低了屈服应力和整体拉伸应力。此工艺生产的物品将在人类生活中具有多种应用，因为一些常见产品包括用于运动鞋应用的机械装置、制造弹性表带、密封件、衬套和皮带、泵隔膜、冲击吸收装置、防护装备：如靴子和齿轮，耐化学性和耐溶剂性。
加工纳米复合材料的新方法是不同产品制造研究的另一个预期成果。生产用于生产其他产品的原材料的过程，以便建立各种各样的商品以满足人类的日常需求
These expected outcomes will contribute in building a knowledge base for future considerations in manufacturing of products with novelty and innovation aims and concepts.
The knowledge generated will enable the use of commercially available commodities to create new raw materials by the synthesis of TPE-E to produce meaningful improvements in materials properties. According to Du pont, the Hytrel thermoplastic polyester elastomer consists of a combination of desired characteristics that offer a high level of flexibility, and high performance elastomers with a unique amount of resilience and hardness. 材料学论文代写
The desired flexibilities within low and high temperatures, while retaining creepiness and flex fatigue. The knowledge will also contribute to nanoengineered materials that will provide low weight and numerous options to the already available conventional filled plastics. A lot of prospects of growth are anticipated in this area associated with many functionalities of the nanoscale together with the added value properties that this development is promising. With more studies dedicated to this field, nanocomposites investigations in this study will lend ideas to future researches and studies in the development of cost effective and environmentally acceptable products from the knowledge of composites.
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这些预期成果将有助于建立知识基础，以供未来在制造具有新颖性和创新目标和概念的产品时考虑。
所产生的知识将能够使用市售商品通过合成 TPE-E 来创造新的原材料，从而对材料特性进行有意义的改进。据杜邦公司介绍，Hytrel 热塑性聚酯弹性体由提供高度柔韧性的所需特性和具有独特回弹性和硬度的高性能弹性体组合而成。
在低温和高温下所需的柔韧性，同时保持蠕变和弯曲疲劳。这些知识还将有助于开发纳米工程材料，这些材料将为现有的传统填充塑料提供低重量和多种选择。在与纳米级的许多功能以及该发展有希望的附加值特性相关的领域中，预计会有很多增长前景。随着更多致力于该领域的研究，本研究中的纳米复合材料研究将为未来的研究和研究提供思路，以根据复合材料的知识开发具有成本效益和环境可接受的产品。
Conceptual Framework
The research conceptual framework outlines the courses of action so as to provide an approach to an idea, or is an immediate theory that attempts to connect the problem definition, purpose, literature review, methodology, data collection and analysis. 材料学论文代写
The research problem is to identify how processing structure property relationships in (TPE-E) nanocomposites synthesis may contribute to product and materials property improvements. This problem definition gives rise to the following research questions: whether nanocomposite processing optimally disperses the nanofillers in TPE-E via melt processing and reactive extrusion. If morphology and properties develops a complete understanding of the processing morphology property in the nanocomposite systems. Finally, if mechanical and electrical performance determines the improvement of property improvements in nanocomposites
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概念框架
研究概念框架概述了行动的过程，以便为一个想法提供一种方法，或者是一种直接的理论，试图将问题定义、目的、文献综述、方法论、数据收集和分析联系起来。
研究问题是确定 (TPE-E) 纳米复合材料合成中的加工结构性能关系如何有助于产品和材料性能的改进。 这个问题的定义引起了以下研究问题：纳米复合材料加工是否通过熔融加工和反应挤出以最佳方式将纳米填料分散在 TPE-E 中。 如果形态学和属性发展了对纳米复合材料系统中加工形态学属性的完整理解。 最后，如果机械和电气性能决定了纳米复合材料的性能改进
Design and Methodology
Highly multilayered oriented films areas are induced to high level of shearing to the melt are to be obtained during the non conventional moulding processes. The structure development is to be observed by the use of polarized light microscope and scanning electron microscopy. Fracture energy to be computed from the specimens.材料学论文代写
The polymer materials are polypropylene homopolymer, polycarbonate, maleic anhydride grated polypropylene, and organo modified nanoclay. Then several different material compositions are studied, after which the specimens are prepared, and the moulding process set at different conditions to provide bar specimens. The morphology characterization is then observed by polarized microscope and scanning electron microscope.
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设计和方法论 材料学论文代写
在非常规模塑过程中，高度多层取向的薄膜区域被诱导到对熔体的高水平剪切。 使用偏光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察结构发展。 由试样计算的断裂能。
高分子材料为聚丙烯均聚物、聚碳酸酯、马来酸酐磨碎聚丙烯和有机改性纳米粘土。 然后研究了几种不同的材料成分，然后制备样品，并在不同条件下设置成型工艺以提供棒材样品。 然后通过偏光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察形态表征。
Surface Modifiers
Nanoclays were modified by alkyl ammonium salts, with a structure having the ammonium halide connected to the organic tail group, such as ammonium chroride or ammonium bromine. The alkyl salts being obtained in a variety of lenths from 6 methyl units to over 00 methyl units. The surface modifiers used were Ethoquad 012 (Etho), choline chroride (CC), octadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and dimethyldiocadecylammonium chroride. The chemical structures are illustrat in figure 1. The four modifiers were used with increasing hydrophobicity to observe the modification levels. To assist the interaction between the TPE-E nanoclay increases, the degree of intercalation and exfoliation increases, as expressed in table 1
Figure 1. Chemical structure of surface modifiers: a) Etho b) CC c) ODTMA d) DMDOA
| Nanofiller | Surface Modification | |
| Abbreviations | Compositions | |
|
1. ME100 材料学论文代写
|
Emod | 75% Etho and 25% CC |
| Qmod | 100% Etho | |
| Dmod | 75% ODMTA and 25% CC | |
| Amod | 75% DMDOA & 25% CC | |
Table 1. Types of surface modification applied to the nanofillers
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表面改性剂
纳米粘土由烷基铵盐改性，其结构为卤化铵与有机尾基相连，例如氯化铵或溴铵。以从 6 个甲基单元到超过 00 个甲基单元的各种长度获得烷基盐。使用的表面改性剂是 Ethoquad 012 (Etho)、氯化胆碱 (CC)、十八烷基三甲基溴化铵和二甲基二十八烷基氯化铵。化学结构如图 1 所示。四种改性剂用于增加疏水性以观察改性水平。为了促进 TPE-E 纳米粘土之间的相互作用增加，嵌入和剥离的程度增加，如表 1 所示
图 1. 表面改性剂的化学结构：a) Etho b) CC c) ODTMA d) DMDOA
| 纳米填料 | 表面改性 | |
| 缩写 | 组合物 | |
|
1. ME100
|
Emod | 75% Etho 和 25% CC |
| Qmod | 100% Etho | |
| Dmod | 75% ODMTA and 25% CC | |
| Amod | 75% DMDOA & 25% CC | |
表 1. 应用于纳米填料的表面改性类型
The proposed Research
Getting products from DuPont (Hytrel), which are commercially available aims at generating new materials having a wide range of material properties. Therfore, a lrge range of TPE-E is synthesized through meltcompounding together with reactive extrusion using organoclays as the nanofiller. This allows for documentation of the process and hybrid composition morphology of the nanocomposite material subjected to different methods of treatment to see the widest range of materials properties. This is achieved by the key variables being manipulated such as the organoclaynanofiller aspect ratio, organofiller surface modification, TPE-E hard and soft segment composition ratio, and other processing pine clay that is modified arameters. The manipulation allows for the assessment of the size of intercalant molecule and other functiona;l groups affecting the nanocomposite properties.
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拟议研究 材料学论文代写
从杜邦公司 (Hytrel) 获得可商用的产品旨在生产具有广泛材料特性的新材料。 因此，使用有机粘土作为纳米填料，通过熔融复合和反应挤出合成了大量的 TPE-E。 这允许记录经过不同处理方法的纳米复合材料的工艺和混合成分形态，以查看最广泛的材料特性。 这是通过控制关键变量来实现的，例如有机粘土纳米填料纵横比、有机填料表面改性、TPE-E 硬段和软段组成比，以及其他经过改性的松粘土加工参数。 该操作允许评估影响纳米复合材料特性的嵌入分子和其他官能团的大小。
Timelines 材料学论文代写
Research Timeline Over 30Months
| Activity | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 26 | 28 | 30 | ||||||||||||||||
| Literature review | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synthesis of organo-clays with: (a) Variation of modifier’s hydrophobicity |
材料学论文代写 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(b) Variation of clay aspect ratio |
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| Characterisation of organo-modified clays by FT-IR, XPS, XRD, TGA, DLS, contact angle, SANS, TEM, SEM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preparation of TPE-E nanocomposites by melt compounding (Nanofiller with different surface modifiers) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mechanical testing on TPE-E nanocomposites (tensile strength, tear strength, tensile creep, compressive set) | 材料学论文代写 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal testing (DMTA, DSC) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XRD | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TEM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SAXS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preparation of TPE-E nanocomposites by reactive extrusion (Nanofiller with different surface modifiers) | 材料学论文代写 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mechanical testing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thermal testing (DMTA, DSC) |
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| XRD | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TEM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SAXS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Confirmation preparation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expansion and more details study of processing parameters of TPE-E nanocomposites | 材料学论文代写 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mid-candidature preparation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Identifying area of application | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conference Preparation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thesis write-up | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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