Tool of Policy Analysis
Name
Institution
政策分析essay代写 The modern government decision is made in the midst of uncertainties as it strives to fulfill a specific purpose for the interests
The tool of Policy Analysis
Tool for Policy Decisions Analysis for the City of Kelsey
The modern government decision is made in the midst of uncertainties as it strives to fulfill a specific purpose for the interests of the targeted population. The topic of policy analysis emerged due to the complexities involved in policy making and implementation. As such, the social scientist has come up with techniques for evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of the policies made (Althaus, Bridgman, & Davis, 2013).政策分析essay代写
The City of Kelsey being a self-sufficient city have survived for long due to good policies that addressed on the real issues that affect its common people. Due to various modern changes like demography, climate, political, social, and economical it has becomes critically important for the policymakers to evaluate the decisions made and to measure the extent of their effectiveness to which they were intended. As such, various tools have been developed to give the interested parties the easier ways of analyzing a policy decision. For this paper, the tools are categorized into quantitative and qualitative tools. Each of these is discussed below.
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政策分析工具 政策分析essay代写
凯尔西市政策决策分析工具
现代政府的决策是在不确定性中做出的，因为它努力实现目标人群利益的特定目的。由于政策制定和实施的复杂性，出现了政策分析主题。因此，社会科学家提出了评估所制定政策的有效性和效率的技术（Althaus、Bridgman 和 Davis，2013 年）。
凯尔西市作为一个自给自足的城市，由于解决影响普通民众的实际问题的良好政策而长期存在。由于人口、气候、政治、社会和经济等各种现代变化，决策者评估已做出的决定并衡量其预期的有效性程度变得至关重要。因此，已经开发了各种工具来为相关方提供更简单的方法来分析政策决定。对于本文，工具分为定量工具和定性工具。下面将讨论这些中的每一个。
Quantitative analysis
These measure the policy regarding the tangible magnitude of effect on the people (Althaus, Bridgman, & Davis, 2013). The tools used in this analysis include:
a.Cost-benefit analysis
The tool is one of the oldest methods of evaluating a government policy on its impact on the people and economy. For economic efficiency of Kelsey, the difference between the costs and benefits are the key to making the policy decision. These tool as applied in the policy-making has seven principles which constitute its evaluation cornerstones (Natarajan, 2009). First, the tool compares the favorable and unfavorable of the policies. The two extremes make the decision makers understand more about the implication of the decision. Second, the decision maker should not fail to consider the economic cost and benefits of an alternative policy.政策分析essay代写
That means the consideration of the cost-benefit should not be done in isolation but rather in comparison to other alternative policies. Third, the scale on which the cost-benefit is is evaluated should be depended on the stakes involved and the likely results of the decision made. Fourth, the cost-benefit analysis should not be as strict because other factors in the economy also play a role in the evaluation process. Fifth, the quantitative factors issues of the cost-benefits should be qualified where possible. However, if they cannot, they should not dominate the key qualitative issues. Sixth, the assumption in the economy should be used consistently in the method. The key economic variables should be considered. Seventh, the tool should focus on the distribution of the cost and benefits in the population.
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定量分析 政策分析essay代写
这些衡量政策对人民的实际影响程度（Althaus、Bridgman 和 Davis，2013 年）。本次分析中使用的工具包括：
a.成本效益分析
该工具是评估政府政策对人民和经济影响的最古老的方法之一。对于凯尔西的经济效益而言，成本与收益的差异是决策的关键。这些应用于决策的工具有七项原则，构成了其评估的基石（Natarajan，2009 年）。首先，该工具比较了政策的有利和不利。这两个极端使决策者更了解决策的含义。其次，决策者不应不考虑替代政策的经济成本和收益。
这意味着成本效益的考虑不应孤立进行，而应与其他替代政策进行比较。第三，评估成本效益的规模应取决于所涉及的利害关系和决策的可能结果。第四，成本效益分析不应如此严格，因为经济中的其他因素也在评估过程中发挥作用。第五，在可能的情况下，应限定成本效益的数量因素问题。然而，如果它们不能，它们就不应该支配关键的质量问题。第六，方法中应始终如一地使用经济中的假设。应考虑关键的经济变量。第七，该工具应关注成本和收益在人群中的分配。
b.Social indicators
In evaluating a policy decision, another important tool is the social indicators which are statistical measures describing the social trends and conditions which affect the citizens (Althaus, Bridgman, & Davis, 2013). The major aim of social indicators as a tool of policy evaluation is the provision of information pertinent to the decision-making, policy evaluation, and searching common aspects in the society that the policy can address (Philippa, 2016). In the analysis of policies made for the city of Kelsey, the following variable considerations are used as the indicators of a good or bad policy for the city.
i.Poverty level
ii.Inequality level
iii.Education level
iv.Life expectancy
v.Public health status, and more 政策分析essay代写
These social indicators are put into perspective when evaluating the effectiveness of the government policy. A good policy would see human life become better regarding poverty alleviation, lowering of inequality, an increase in education levels, high life expectancy, good health, and more.
c.Impact assessment
The tool involves assessment of the effects policy has on the environment and social life. The assessment methods may vary from modeling to quantitative techniques, exploration of effects, and consideration of effects viability. In the City of Kelsey, policies made should be evaluated to assess their impact on the environment as well as the social life of the city people. A good policy has a positive impact on the people as well as to the environment and vice versa.
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b.社会指标 政策分析essay代写
在评估政策决定时，另一个重要工具是社会指标，它们是描述影响公民的社会趋势和状况的统计指标（Althaus、Bridgman 和 Davis，2013 年）。社会指标作为政策评估工具的主要目的是提供与决策、政策评估和搜索政策可以解决的社会共同方面相关的信息（Philippa，2016 年）。在对凯尔西市制定的政策进行分析时，以下可变因素被用作衡量该市政策好坏的指标。
i. 贫困水平
ii. 不平等程度
iii.教育水平
iv. 预期寿命
v.公共卫生状况等
在评估政府政策的有效性时，会考虑这些社会指标。一项好的政策将使人们的生活在减轻贫困、减少不平等、提高教育水平、延长预期寿命、身体健康等方面变得更好。
c.影响评估
该工具涉及评估政策对环境和社会生活的影响。评估方法可能会有所不同，从建模到定量技术、效应探索和效应可行性的考虑。在凯尔西市，应对制定的政策进行评估，以评估其对环境和城市人民社会生活的影响。一个好的政策对人民和环境都有积极的影响，反之亦然。
a.Qualitative analysis
In policy evaluation, not all analysis methods can be done using a quantitative approach (Althaus, Bridgman, & Davis, 2013. Hence a qualitative approach to policy analysis in the perspective of values, feeling, judgment, and opinions and more are used. Some of the qualitative tools used to analyze policies include:
b.Survey analysis
The method approach analysis through surveying form of a questionnaire to collect the opinions of the public who are directly or indirectly affected by the policy. After the collection of the survey, the data is then compiled, analyzed and presented to facilitating decision making. If a policy of not favorable to the population, the majority will have a negative opinion toward it and vice versa.政策分析essay代写
c.Personal interview
The tool involving asking individual questions surrounding the policy issues. The main target of the personal interview is the policymakers and the people affected by the policy. The people will comment on the policy goals, processes, and results. A good policy will gather positive opinion as compared to a bad one.政策分析essay代写
Lastly, in policy decision analysis for the city of Kelsey different combinations of tools are used. The city has been self-sufficient for long owing to it the longterm culture of organic agriculture and seclusion from other cities. The government should make sure the policies made are well evaluated specifically because of their long-term impact on the people, environment, and economy. Furthermore, previous policies should form part of the precedent in policy-making processes, implementation, and evaluation.
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a.定性分析 政策分析essay代写
在政策评估中，并非所有分析方法都可以使用定量方法来完成（Althaus、Bridgman 和 Davis，2013 年。因此，使用了从价值观、感受、判断和意见等角度进行政策分析的定性方法。一些用于分析政策的定性工具包括：
b.调查分析
该方法通过问卷调查的形式进行分析，收集直接或间接受政策影响的公众的意见。在收集调查后，数据将被编译、分析和呈现，以促进决策。如果一项不利于民众的政策，大多数人会对它持否定态度，反之亦然。
c.个人面试
该工具涉及围绕政策问题提出个别问题。个人访谈的主要对象是政策制定者和受政策影响的人。人们将对政策目标、过程和结果发表评论。与糟糕的政策相比，好的政策会收集积极的意见。
最后，在凯尔西市的政策决策分析中使用了不同的工具组合。由于长期的有机农业文化和与其他城市的隔离，这座城市长期以来一直自给自足。政府应确保制定的政策得到很好的评估，因为它们对人民、环境和经济的长期影响。此外，以前的政策应该成为决策过程、实施和评估的先例的一部分。
References 政策分析essay代写
Althaus, C., Bridgman, P., & Davis, G. (2013). The Australian policy handbook, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 5ed., Chpt. 5 ‘Policy Analysis,’ pp. 59-89.
Natarajan, G. (2009). Cost-benefit analysis in policy making. Retrieved from http://gulzar05.blogspot.com/2009/07/cost-benefit-analysis-in-policy-making.html
Philippa. (2016). Social Indicators – Wikiprogress. Retrieved from http://wikiprogress.org/articles/archive/social-indicators/
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