PhD. Proposal
Quality Control and Assurance for finishing works during Construction Project in the Developing Countries
Validating and Refining Procedures, Methods and Acceptance Criteria in accordance to International Organization for Standardization ISO’2013
Student’s Name
Institution
建筑学博士论文代写 In conclusion, the plan I have for the near future is to have a business of my own after I complete my Ph.D. studies.
The Concept of Quality
The quality concept has been a matter of contemplation in the entire history of management practices and still elicits considerable interest today. Quality as a subject has been addressed in many trade and academic journals, in training conferences and even by the media. Consequently bit has become the most coon subject amongst executives and managers in today’s organizations. Ina survey that was carried out recently product quality and the improvement of service was highly ranked by US businessmen as the most serious challenge (Ireland, 1991).
Critical discussions about quality as a god or bad were initiated in the last century by Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle. The model to the Greek philosophers was arête meaning excellence. This was practically, morally, physically and intellectually (Walton, 1986). Its definition tended to vary with each context to man it was connoted to mean excellence in many ways. As much as Crete’s application was subject to various phenomena, for Plato it was supreme. Quality has also been debated recently in terms of excellence. To Bahia Quality is the investment of the best effort and skill possible to generate the most admirable and finest results feasible. You either do it half way or do it well. Quality is obtaining the highest achievable standards against being satisfied with fraudulence it does not concede to being second rated (Bahia, 2009).
In certain fields for instance painting, religion, sculpture and music where unique preferences dominate judgments, quality can only be assessed in abstract terms.
The definition of quality as excellence means it is comprehended ahead of its meaning as an undeviating experience prior to and autonomous of intellectual abstractions. 建筑学博士论文代写
Quality has been defined by various scholars as value, exceeding or meeting customer’s requirements, conformance to specifications, avoidance of loss and fitness for use. It is described as the single critical for4ce that has led to the economic growth of companies in the global markets. In spite of the time or context where quality is evaluated the concept in itself has had numerous and jumbled definitions. It has consequently been used to define various phenomena. Progressive research and inquiry on quality related issues should be built on a complete comprehension of distinct definitions of the correlations amongst several variables. Apart from that, quality cannot be assured when the dependent variable’s meaning changes continuously (Reeves and Bednar, 1994).
The practical nature in which quality was defined as excellence in issues of commerce was first experienced in the 18 century when western traders started pursuing wider markets for their goods.
This wider perception of quality was based on the belief that the decisive arbiter of trade was the consumer and that the success of businesses was based on how well they served consumer interests and not guild interests. The final judge was thus the market. 建筑学博士论文代写
Traders began generating inferior cheaper goods for a trendy market and their quality was evaluated in comparison to their prices. Walton contents that the concept of value has to be incepted in any definition of quality. He opines that in any absolute sense quality cannot have the trendy meaning of best rather it only means best for particular conditions inherent in customers. These conditions include the products prices and their actual uses. In this sense it is impossible to separate product cost from product quality (Walton 1986).
Figure 1: Finishing Works Interior Architect, 2010
译文：
质量理念 建筑学博士论文代写
在整个管理实践历史中，质量概念一直是一个深思熟虑的问题，今天仍然引起相当大的兴趣。许多贸易和学术期刊、培训会议甚至媒体都将质量作为一个主题。因此，比特已成为当今组织中高管和经理中最令人讨厌的话题。在最近进行的一项调查中，美国商人将产品质量和服务改进列为最严峻的挑战（爱尔兰，1991）。
上个世纪希腊哲学家柏拉图和亚里士多德发起了关于质量是神还是坏的批判性讨论。希腊哲学家的模式是arête，意思是卓越。这在实践上、道德上、身体上和智力上都是如此（Walton，1986）。它的定义往往因人而异，它在很多方面都意味着卓越。尽管克里特岛的应用受到各种现象的影响，但对于柏拉图来说，它是至高无上的。最近，质量也因卓越而备受争议。对 Bahia 来说，质量是尽最大努力和技能的投资，以产生最令人钦佩和最好的结果。你要么做一半，要么做得很好。质量是获得最高可实现的标准，而不是对欺诈感到满意，它不承认被评为二等（Bahia，2009 年）。
在例如绘画、宗教、雕塑和音乐的某些领域，在独特的偏好主导判断的情况下，质量只能用抽象的术语来评估。
将质量定义为卓越意味着它是在其意义之前被理解为一种先于知识抽象并独立于知识抽象的绝对体验。
质量已被各种学者定义为价值、超过或满足客户的要求、符合规格、避免损失和适合使用。它被描述为导致全球市场公司经济增长的唯一关键力量。尽管评估质量的时间或背景不同，但概念本身已经有许多混乱的定义。因此，它被用来定义各种现象。对质量相关问题的渐进式研究和探究应该建立在对几个变量之间相关性的不同定义的完全理解的基础上。除此之外，当因变量的含义不断变化时，质量也无法保证（Reeves and Bednar，1994）。
在 18 世纪，西方贸易商开始为他们的商品寻求更广阔的市场时，首次体验了质量被定义为商业问题中卓越的实用性。
这种对质量的更广泛认识是基于这样一种信念，即贸易的决定性仲裁者是消费者，企业的成功取决于他们为消费者利益服务的程度，而不是行会利益。因此，最终的裁判是市场。
贸易商开始为时尚市场生产劣质更便宜的商品，并根据价格对它们的质量进行评估。沃尔顿认为，在任何质量定义中都必须包含价值概念。他认为，在任何绝对意义上，质量都不能具有最佳的时尚含义，而仅意味着对于客户固有的特定条件是最佳的。这些条件包括产品价格及其实际用途。从这个意义上说，将产品成本与产品质量分开是不可能的（Walton 1986）。
图 1：装修工程室内建筑师，2010 年
Introduction
The research design is mainly aimed at investigating how the contractors are able to benefit from quality assurance and design in construction projects. It has been indicated in the current statistics that there are very many problems that are encountered in the construction projects attributable to lack of quality assurance procedures and indicator (Hughes, 1999). It therefore followed that quality assurance issues in developing countries’ construction sector can only be solved when the management and the top stakeholders take quality serious and device appropriate assurance measures.
The major and sensitive part of commercial, development projects within the cities and residential areas is architectural and finishing (Tang, 10). Anecdotal evidence exists, suggesting that quality, particularly finishing is hardly given the attention it deserves at the various stages of design and construction. The reason for this can be traced to the traditional procurement dynamics where architects design, contractors build, and interior designers are brought in to finally contend with issues of aesthetics. 建筑学博士论文代写
Thus, issues of design and build quality should be mandatory considerations throughout the various stages of design and construction, not only to enhance the integrity of the building but also minimize future post-construction maintenance costs and expenditure. Additional advantages of tackling issues of design and construction quality very early on in project execution include higher productivity, reduced workload, reduced costs, increased satisfaction for the stakeholders and satisfactory outcome.
Quality assurance is defined as a process where all the requirements of quality are audited and the outcome of quality control in order to ensure the achievement of desired standards and that the required tools and techniques are used (Chung, 2002). Quality control can be described as the procedure involved in the assessment and recording of outcomes that are obtained during the execution of all the quality activities.
译文：
介绍 建筑学博士论文代写
研究设计主要旨在调查承包商如何从建筑项目的质量保证和设计中受益。目前的统计数据表明，由于缺乏质量保证程序和指标，在建设项目中遇到的问题非常多（Hughes，1999）。因此，只有当管理层和最高利益相关者认真对待质量并采取适当的保证措施时，发展中国家建筑部门的质量保证问题才能得到解决。
城市和住宅区内的商业、开发项目的主要和敏感部分是建筑和装修（唐，10）。存在轶事证据，表明质量，尤其是装修在设计和施工的各个阶段几乎没有得到应有的重视。其原因可以追溯到传统的采购动态，在这种动态中，建筑师设计、承包商建造和室内设计师被引入以最终解决美学问题。
因此，在设计和施工的各个阶段，设计和建造质量问题应成为强制性考虑因素，不仅可以提高建筑物的完整性，而且可以最大限度地减少未来的施工后维护成本和支出。在项目执行的早期解决设计和施工质量问题的其他优势包括更高的生产力、减少的工作量、降低的成本、提高利益相关者的满意度和令人满意的结果。
质量保证被定义为对所有质量要求和质量控制结果进行审核的过程，以确保达到预期标准并使用所需的工具和技术（Chung，2002 年）。质量控制可以描述为在所有质量活动执行期间获得的结果的评估和记录所涉及的程序。
These procedures also help with the analysis of performance and thereafter, possible changes that should take place should be recommended.
The major study also works towards the identification, discovery and examination of quality assurance and quality control of the projects. Such examination helps with the completion of works and leads to the validation and refining of procedures that assists with the implementation, execution and control of all the processes involved. Such processes are done in accordance with the ISO and other applicable standards and codes.
Benefits of quality assurance and control are the improvement and facilitation of all the quality procedures. The other benefit is that quality assurance and quality control will help with the identification of what lead to poor quality product and the recommendation of correct action in order to get rid of the causes of the poor quality production (Chung, 85). The work of quality assurance is also faced with the problem of communication among all the stakeholders and therefore they fail to express their opinion, which could be of helpful to the construction work on site. 建筑学博士论文代写
There have been also certain problems that arise because of disqualification of the contractors and architectural work, which is misrepresented for use for a wrong purpose. It is therefore revealed that these problems can cause late completion of construction work, misappropriation of money in many companies and above all reduction of confidence on the part of the contractors due to poor work of quality assurance and control in the construction work (Tang, 2005). It is therefore with great importance to research on these problems with the aim of enhancing the construction industry when all the above problems are not made available during the finishing construction process. This is only possible if all the work of constructions is quality assured to eliminate all those problems that is the hindrance of improper work in the construction project.
It is necessary for all the construction work to employ the spirit of teamwork, cooperation and to require all the stakeholders to generate necessary effort towards the successful achievement of the construction work.
The quality of the project is therefore dependent on the ability of the members to diagnose the main objective of the project which is necessitated by its quality. The project quality can only be achieved when the environment, project aims, control technique and the level of reviewing the information in the construction project develop a good modeling relationship (Hughes, 1999). The purpose of the project is to provide the required comments about project to the clients so that they can ascertain the risks that are associated with the construction project. 建筑学博士论文代写
The possible risk that could be identified is the possibility of the project failure. The introduction of quality assurance and control in the globe has influenced quality work in the construction site and its advancement has led to low production of poor building materials, which can cause low quality work in the construction industry. For the purpose of customer satisfaction, it is therefore upon all the construction industries to meet the requirement of customers, which calls for the increase of the quality of all the products and services of the construction companies that looks after finishing (interior & architectural) works in the whole World.
译文：
这些程序还有助于性能分析，因此，应建议进行可能的更改。
主要研究还致力于识别、发现和检查项目的质量保证和质量控制。此类检查有助于完成工作，并导致验证和改进程序，以帮助所有相关过程的实施、执行和控制。这些过程是根据 ISO 和其他适用的标准和规范完成的。
质量保证和控制的好处是改进和促进所有质量程序。另一个好处是质量保证和质量控制将有助于识别导致产品质量差的原因，并建议采取正确的行动，以消除质量差的原因（Chung，85）。质量保证工作也面临着所有利益相关者之间的沟通问题，因此他们无法表达自己的意见，这可能对现场的施工工作有所帮助。
由于承包商和建筑工程被误传用于错误目的而被取消资格，也出现了某些问题。因此可以看出，这些问题会导致施工工作延迟完成，许多公司挪用资金，尤其是由于施工工作质量保证和控制工作不力而导致承包商信心下降（Tang，2005） ）。因此，当在完成施工过程中无法解决所有上述问题时，研究这些问题以提高建筑业是非常重要的。这只有在所有施工工作都得到质量保证以消除所有阻碍施工项目不当工作的问题时才有可能。
所有的建设工作都必须发扬团队精神、合作精神，并要求所有利益相关者为成功完成建设工作付出必要的努力。
因此，项目的质量取决于成员诊断项目主要目标的能力，而这正是项目质量所必需的。只有当环境、项目目标、控制技术和建设项目信息审查水平形成良好的建模关系时，才能实现项目质量（Hughes，1999）。该项目的目的是向客户提供所需的项目评论，以便他们能够确定与建设项目相关的风险。
可以识别的可能风险是项目失败的可能性。全球质量保证和控制的引入影响了建筑工地的质量工作，其进步导致劣质建筑材料的低产量，这可能导致建筑行业的工作质量低下。因此，为了让客户满意，所有建筑行业都必须满足客户的要求，这要求提高负责完成（室内和建筑）工程的建筑公司的所有产品和服务的质量在整个世界。
Problem Statement 建筑学博士论文代写
The major part of the construction is the quality assurance, which requires the contractors to pay much attention for the construction work to be successful. As a matter of fact Hughes (1999) argues that service firms tend to be curtailed in their efforts to achieve high quality because of their unwillingness to espouse manufacturing techniques. It is therefore my key desire to assess the quality of construction and gauge clients’ satisfaction. Several problems have been encountered while trying to enforce quality assurance process in the construction industries, such as additional cost, and project delays. However, these problems pale into insignificance relative to the consequences of not designing and constructing to quality, resulting in time overruns and huge correctional expenditure. 建筑学博士论文代写
Lack of quality assurance during a construction project also hinders the contractors from meeting deadlines and this leads to financial misappropriation to the users and therefore, reflects a negative consequence on the construction’s returns (Chung, 2002). Apart from the problems mentioned above, inadequate quality assurance can also invite litigation on architects, subcontractors, suppliers and engineers – the blame game typical of the construction industry. A client always wants to experience a good feeling and the beauty of his/her house and to enjoy the pleasure of the client, but due to absence of quality assurance in construction, it is not possible to fulfill this comfort. My argument will be based on quality assurance in project examination and design (Bahia, 2009).
译文：
问题陈述 建筑学博士论文代写
施工的主要部分是质量保证，这要求承包商非常注意施工工作的成功。事实上，休斯（Hughes，1999）认为，由于不愿意支持制造技术，服务公司在实现高质量方面的努力往往会受到限制。因此，我的主要愿望是评估施工质量并衡量客户的满意度。尝试在建筑行业执行质量保证过程时遇到了一些问题，例如额外成本和项目延误。然而，相对于不按质量进行设计和建造的后果而言，这些问题显得微不足道，导致时间超支和巨额矫正支出。
建设项目期间缺乏质量保证也会阻碍承包商按期完成，这会导致对用户的财务挪用，从而对建设的回报产生负面影响（Chung，2002 年）。除了上述问题外，质量保证不足还可能引发对建筑师、分包商、供应商和工程师的诉讼——建筑行业典型的指责游戏。客户总是想体验一种美好的感觉和他/她的房子的美丽，享受客户的乐趣，但由于施工中没有质量保证，无法实现这种舒适感。我的论点将基于项目检查和设计中的质量保证（Bahia，2009）。
Aims of the Research
The major aim of this research will be to spell out and improve the criteria and procedures in a way that it will go in line with all the focus based on finishing. These aims will work despite the condition and kind of deliverables. The major focus will be based on the singling out and rectifying the crucial concerns for the quality and project managers throughout the construction project. These processes may slow the finishing of the project and the budget. The identification and singling out of the factors that may slow the construction process will help the managers to see that the job is done perfectly from the first to the last day. Since subjective quality is critical this paper will explore ways of measuring not only objective but also subjective quality in order to meet the set threshold in construction works.
译文：
研究目的 建筑学博士论文代写
这项研究的主要目的是阐明和改进标准和程序，使其与基于完成的所有重点保持一致。 尽管有条件和可交付成果，但这些目标仍将奏效。 主要的重点将是在整个建设项目中挑选和纠正质量和项目经理的关键问题。 这些过程可能会减慢项目和预算的完成速度。 识别和挑出可能会减慢施工过程的因素将有助于管理人员看到从第一天到最后一天都完美地完成了工作。 由于主观质量至关重要，本文将探索测量客观质量和主观质量的方法，以满足建筑工程中的设定阈值。
Research Objectives 建筑学博士论文代写
This study goes further to look into development, improve and filter the present models, tools, criteria, procedures and techniques for quality Assurance and control during the construction process in accordance with the most current ISO and the applicable standards and codes. The main objectives of this study are as follows:
- The study will spell out the needs of quality assurance and quality control during the construction process in relation to the finishing works which may lead to the success of the project
- The study will seek to adopt high technology tools to enhance the quality by getting the opportunity of utilizing the latest smart phones and other new technologies to support the effectiveness of Quality themes. 建筑学博士论文代写
- The study will seek to devise, establish, validate and refine the procedures and the acceptance criteria with defined tolerances of the identified finishing works in general enhance quality control and assurance during construction work.
- Investigate ways in which both subjective and objective quality can be measured in order to evaluate the extent to which services or products could meet the required standard of finished works during construction work.
译文：
研究目标
本研究根据最新的 ISO 和适用的标准和规范，进一步研究开发、改进和过滤现有模型、工具、标准、程序和技术，用于在施工过程中进行质量保证和控制。本研究的主要目标如下：
- 该研究将阐明施工过程中与完工工程相关的质量保证和质量控制的需求，这可能会导致项目的成功
- 该研究将寻求采用高科技工具通过利用最新的智能手机和其他新技术来支持质量主题的有效性来提高质量。
- 该研究将寻求设计、建立、验证和改进程序和验收标准，并确定已确定的装修工程的公差，从而总体上加强施工期间的质量控制和保证。
- 研究可以测量主观和客观质量的方法，以评估服务或产品在施工过程中满足完工工程要求标准的程度。
Research Questions
Contractors of organizations are to adopt appropriate quality assurance and quality analysis techniques to help them improve on the way they handle their construction projects for their clients and as a result, the organization can perform either well or poorly. To understand the importance of quality assurance and quality analysis techniques in the organization, the organization need improves on quality. The following questions are intended:
- To what extent is quality emphasised in developing countries’ construction sector?
- What are the problems facing construction industry in developing countries with regards to quality assurance?
- How can quality assurance be implemented in building design and construction in developing countries?
- What capacity and institutions are necessary to drive quality assurance in the construction sector of developing countries?
- What are the policies and strategies necessary to drive quality assurance in developing countries’ construction sector? Will quality assurance put an end to poor finishing of construction outputs in developing countries?
译文：
研究问题 建筑学博士论文代写
组织的承包商应采用适当的质量保证和质量分析技术来帮助他们改进为客户处理建筑项目的方式，因此组织可以表现得很好或很差。要了解质量保证和质量分析技术在组织中的重要性，组织需要改进质量。旨在提出以下问题：
- 发展中国家的建筑部门在多大程度上强调质量？
- 发展中国家的建筑业在质量保证方面面临哪些问题？
- 如何在发展中国家的建筑设计和施工中实施质量保证？
- 需要哪些能力和机构来推动发展中国家建筑部门的质量保证？
- 推动发展中国家建筑部门质量保证的必要政策和战略是什么？质量保证会结束发展中国家建筑产出的不良完工吗？
Significant of the Study
A general consensus exists amongst built environment consensus that effective and well developed quality management techniques is a necessary prerequisite to quality construction client’s satisfaction. They therefore try to inculcate this in their operations. To prove the perception, there is need to research on the effects of construction quality to enhance customers’ satisfaction at the end. Contractors and sub-contractors use the findings to incorporate effective and efficient construction techniques in their organizations to not only maximize employee and organization performance, but also improve quality of the construction project by using quality materials, highly skilled personnel and just in time delivery.
译文:
研究的意义
建筑环境共识中存在普遍共识，即有效且完善的质量管理技术是质量建筑客户满意的必要先决条件。 因此，他们试图在他们的业务中灌输这一点。 为了证明感知，需要研究施工质量对最终提高客户满意度的影响。 承包商和分包商利用调查结果将有效和高效的施工技术纳入其组织，不仅最大限度地提高员工和组织的绩效，而且通过使用优质材料、高技能人员和准时交货来提高建筑项目的质量。
Scope of Study
This research is limited to identifying the dimensions of the use of quality assurance and quality control to improve the finishing construction work to ensure that all the problems encountered are fully solved. The research is also to rotate on the steps which allow the quality to be assured in the construction design to eliminate all the discrepancies which are likely to occur at the construction site.
译文：
研究范围
本研究仅限于确定使用质量保证和质量控制的维度来改进装修施工工作，以确保所有遇到的问题得到充分解决。 研究还包括在施工设计中确保质量的步骤上进行轮换，以消除施工现场可能出现的所有差异。
Literature Review
Various studies conducted by different scholars support the assertion that quality assurance and control plays a vital role in the construction and engineering sector. Abdulaziz A. Bubshait and Tawfiq H. Al-Atiq conclude that the rationale behind the execution of quality assurance systems is to improve on construction projects quality thus nourishing the client’s desires (Bubshait & Tawfiq, 1999). Analogous results were portrayed in a research conducted by Sarosh H. Lodi, Syed M. Ahmed, Rizwan U. Farooqui and Muhammad Saqib (2008). 建筑学博士论文代写
The authors revealed in their scholarly work that quality assurance and control assumes a vital role in the projects of contractors. They expounded that failure of a contractor to comply with the quality assurance systems compromises his/her construction or engineering operations. Lack of compliance jeopardizes constructors or engineers project thus incurring losses or personal injuries. The authors conclude by stating that virtuous project managers interpret and execute the quality standard systems in the operations of the construction or engineering projects.
译文：
文献综述
不同学者进行的各种研究支持质量保证和控制在建筑和工程领域发挥重要作用的断言。 Abdulaziz A. Bubshait 和 Tawfiq H. Al-Atiq 得出结论，质量保证体系的执行背后的基本原理是提高建筑项目的质量，从而满足客户的需求（Bubshait & Tawfiq，1999）。 Sarosh H. Lodi、Syed M. Ahmed、Rizwan U. Farooqui 和 Muhammad Saqib (2008) 进行的一项研究描绘了类似的结果。
作者在他们的学术著作中透露，质量保证和控制在承包商的项目中起着至关重要的作用。他们阐述了承包商未能遵守质量保证体系会危及他/她的建筑或工程运营。不合规会危及施工人员或工程师的项目，从而导致损失或人身伤害。作者最后指出，有德的项目经理会在建筑或工程项目的运营中解释和执行质量标准体系。
Quality Assurance and Quality Control
Due to the level of escalated risks involved in construction and engineering projects, one has to ensure strict adherence to quality assurance and control. In case a construction project is compromised by external elements, it raises the risk of delayed completion thus having an impact on the general performance of the construction. It is important to note that one has to design an internal quality assurance system in order to ensure the final product relayed to the consumer is of high quality. A number of constructors and engineers have benefited from the adoption and implementation of a quality assurance systems. 建筑学博士论文代写
The adoption of the aforementioned system creates uniformity in the services rendered by the engineer or constructor. An effective quality assurance system plays a vital role in a contractor’s project. The adoption of the aforementioned system ensures that there are no hiccups in a construction project. The ISO 9000 standard falls within the realms of an effective quality assurance system in the field of engineering and construction. The ISO 9000 standard as well as the PMBOK Guides has been adopted by various countries globally. The quality assurance system adopted encompasses both external and internal elements (Chung, 2002).
译文：
质量保证和质量控制 建筑学博士论文代写
由于建筑和工程项目涉及的风险不断升级，必须确保严格遵守质量保证和控制。如果建筑项目受到外部因素的影响，则会增加延迟完工的风险，从而影响建筑的整体性能。需要注意的是，必须设计一个内部质量保证体系，以确保传递给消费者的最终产品是高质量的。许多建造商和工程师已从质量保证系统的采用和实施中受益。
上述系统的采用在工程师或建造者提供的服务中创造了统一性。有效的质量保证体系在承包商的项目中起着至关重要的作用。采用上述系统可确保建设项目不会出现任何问题。 ISO 9000 标准属于工程和建筑领域有效质量保证体系的范畴。 ISO 9000 标准以及 PMBOK 指南已被全球多个国家采用。所采用的质量保证体系包括外部和内部要素（Chung，2002 年）。
The new models in assessment focus on the internal aspect of the quality assurance.
It concentrates on activities, which are geared towards refining the poise of the construction organization thus achieving the quality envisioned. The internal quality system being referred to above is coined as the quality management system. A construction company’s profits and product quality may be improved if it efficiently implements the quality management system. Alternatively, the external management system places its focal point on the clients. 建筑学博士论文代写
The quality management system enhances the assurance of the client on the contractor’s quality system. The external aspect of the quality system in this context is referred to as the system of quality assurance. The aforementioned program can prove to be successful only if the top most executive in the firm assume all the accountability for construing and executing the project. The successful implementation of the quality assurance system by a contractor ensures that his/her customers have heightened confidence on the contractor’s service delivery. A good example would be the successful adoption and implementation of the internal and external aspects of quality assurance system in Saudi Arabia, which has led to the eventual growth in the construction and engineering sector.
The ISO 9000 standard and the PMBOK Guide are designed to establish a universal principal quality assurance and control system, which is pertinent to various economic and industrial sectors.
The aforementioned standard system demonstrates the contractor’s commitment to adhere to his/her client’s quality requests. The underpinning of the PMBOK Guide and the ISO 9000 standard system is the American National Standards Institute. However, the adoption and implementation of the ISO 9000 standard and PMBOK Guides in the engineering and construction plane is not as universal as in the manufacturing sector. 建筑学博士论文代写
The varying understandings made of the PMBOK Guide and the ISO 9000 standard are attributed to its generic nature. Furthermore, the actual interpretation and implementation of the ISO 9000 standards may be distinct from one nation to the next. The rationale behind the implementation of the ISO 9000 standards is multifold. Primarily, the quality system acts to scale to higher heights the quality of operations of a construction or engineering company. Secondly, it works to ensure that the client’s desires are met through the product. Finally, the ISO 9000 standard and the PMBOK Guide ensure that the competition within the construction industry is healthy. Therefore, the overall perception of the ISO 9000 standards and the PMBOK Guide varies from one company to another based on the aforementioned rationale.
译文：
评估中的新模型侧重于质量保证的内部方面。
它专注于旨在改善施工组织的平衡从而实现预期质量的活动。上面提到的内部质量体系被称为质量管理体系。如果建筑公司有效地实施质量管理体系，它的利润和产品质量可能会得到提高。或者，外部管理系统将其重点放在客户身上。
质量管理体系增强了客户对承包商质量体系的保证。在这种情况下，质量体系的外部方面被称为质量保证体系。只有当公司最高行政人员承担解释和执行项目的所有责任时，上述计划才能证明是成功的。承包商成功实施质量保证体系可确保其客户对承包商提供的服务充满信心。一个很好的例子是在沙特阿拉伯成功采用和实施质量保证体系的内部和外部方面，这导致了建筑和工程部门的最终增长。
ISO 9000 标准和 PMBOK 指南旨在建立一个通用的主要质量保证和控制系统，与各个经济和工业部门相关。
上述标准体系表明承包商承诺遵守其客户的质量要求。 PMBOK 指南和 ISO 9000 标准体系的基础是美国国家标准协会。然而，ISO 9000 标准和 PMBOK 指南在工程和施工平面的采用和实施并不像制造业那样普遍。
对 PMBOK 指南和 ISO 9000 标准的不同理解归因于其通用性。此外，ISO 9000 标准的实际解释和实施可能因国家而异。实施 ISO 9000 标准背后的基本原理是多方面的。首先，质量体系的作用是将建筑或工程公司的运营质量提升到更高的水平。其次，它可以确保通过产品满足客户的需求。最后，ISO 9000 标准和 PMBOK 指南确保建筑行业内的竞争是健康的。因此，基于上述基本原理，对 ISO 9000 标准和 PMBOK 指南的总体看法因公司而异。
Research Methodology
This study will comprise an empirical research. Empirical research is considered to be a means of acquiring knowledge and information through either direct or indirect in experience. Empirical evidence can be represented and analyzed either qualitatively or quantitatively. The representation of evidence through qualitative or quantitative form enables a researcher gets to answer the empirical questions, which should be depicted in a clear manner and be answerable by the evidence I collected. The design of the research being conducted varies by field and the problem question being investigated. Most researchers choose to combine both forms of analysis namely, qualitative and quantitative, in order to improve the mode of answering questions which cannot be studied in other settings. 建筑学博士论文代写
A researcher conducting needs to develop a theory regarding the subject under investigation. The second step is that I will propose a hypothesis from the theory of the investigated question. Thirdly, some predictions are made in relation to the hypothesis that can be tested using experiments I developed. The empirical research has a cycle that guides one on the steps to follow to come up with valid results. The cycle starts with, observation, then induction, deduction, testing and finally the evaluation (Hughes, 1999).
译文：
研究方法论
本研究将包括一项实证研究。实证研究被认为是通过直接或间接经验获取知识和信息的一种手段。可以定性或定量地表示和分析经验证据。通过定性或定量形式的证据表示使研究人员能够回答经验问题，这些问题应该以清晰的方式描述，并且可以通过我收集的证据来回答。正在进行的研究的设计因领域和所研究的问题而异。大多数研究人员选择将两种分析形式即定性和定量结合起来，以改进在其他环境中无法研究的问题的回答模式。
研究人员需要针对所研究的主题制定理论。第二步是我将根据所研究问题的理论提出一个假设。第三，对可以使用我开发的实验进行测试的假设做出了一些预测。实证研究有一个循环，可以指导人们遵循以得出有效结果的步骤。这个循环从观察开始，然后是归纳、演绎、测试，最后是评估（Hughes，1999）。
The first part of the research is observation where I collect and organizes the information that will be used to come up with a hypothesis.
The second stage of the empirical cycle is induction where I try to formulate hypothesis according to the data they had collected. The next step of the cycle is the deduction stage where I deduct the possible consequences of the hypothesis made. The deductions are done using testable predictions. 建筑学博士论文代写
The fourth stage of the empirical cycle is the testing stage, where the hypothesis is tested using new empirical material. The final stage of the empirical research is the evaluation stage where I evaluate the results of the research (outcome). Using the empirical research method will help and support in refining and validating the Quality Control and Assurance objectives and Deliverables (Tang, 2005). This ensues in the form of procedures, acceptance criteria, and lesson learned databases through real-time case studies of the projects executed successfully in terms of time, cost and scope.
译文：
研究的第一部分是观察，我收集和整理将用于提出假设的信息。
经验循环的第二阶段是归纳，我尝试根据他们收集的数据来制定假设。循环的下一步是演绎阶段，我在此演绎假设的可能后果。推断是使用可测试的预测完成的。
经验周期的第四个阶段是检验阶段，在这个阶段使用新的经验材料检验假设。实证研究的最后阶段是评估阶段，我评估研究的结果（结果）。使用实证研究方法将有助于和支持改进和验证质量控制和保证目标和可交付成果 (Tang, 2005)。通过在时间、成本和范围方面成功执行的项目的实时案例研究，以程序、验收标准和经验教训数据库的形式出现。
Conclusion
When I combine the masters that I already obtained on Design Strategy and Innovation with the Ph.D., these combinations can make me have very high qualifications for management of expert quality, researcher in quality assurance and control tools, techniques and methods to apply and improve the management of quality systems in the governmental, non-governmental and private sector. I can also use my doctorate and the available research studies towards working as an instructor at various universities for project management, consultant in quality control and an engineer in executive engineering.
I can also arise with modern quality methods, acceptance criteria and procedures for the completion and architectural activities that can improve various construction projects. The project will also work towards the filtration and validation of quality assurance and control aims and these aims can be delivered in form of acceptance criteria, procedures and lessons learned through immediate studies. 建筑学博士论文代写
In conclusion, the plan I have for the near future is to have a business of my own after I complete my Ph.D. studies. With the business, I will be able to establish a highly qualified specialist who will only work on the finishing construction because such activities should be done by qualified personnel. This ensues by singling out the needs and addressing modern database, finishing ITPs and check lists, tools, acceptance criteria and procedures through specialized technology for easier implementation and execution of completion of work with high quality levels during the construction process, which can give us customer satisfaction. The completion of this Ph.D. will be the initial step to the attainment of my goal.
译文：
结论 建筑学博士论文代写
当我将已获得的设计策略与创新硕士与博士学位结合起来时，这些结合可以使我拥有非常高的专业质量管理资格，质量保证和控制工具的研究人员，应用和方法改进政府、非政府和私营部门的质量体系管理。我还可以利用我的博士学位和现有的研究成果，在多所大学担任项目管理讲师、质量控制顾问和执行工程工程师。
我还可以使用现代质量方法、验收标准和完成程序，以及可以改进各种建筑项目的建筑活动。该项目还将致力于过滤和验证质量保证和控制目标，这些目标可以通过直接研究以验收标准、程序和经验教训的形式实现。
总而言之，我近期的计划是在我完成博士学位后拥有自己的事业。学习。有了这个业务，我将能够建立一个高素质的专家，他只会从事装修施工，因为这些活动应该由合格的人员来完成。这是通过挑出需求并解决现代数据库，通过专业技术完成 ITP 和检查清单、工具、验收标准和程序来实现的，以便在施工过程中更容易地以高质量水平完成工作，这可以为我们的客户提供满意。完成这个博士学位。将是实现我的目标的第一步。
References 建筑学博士论文代写
Bahia, M. (2009). Reconciling literature about client satisfaction and perceived services quality. Online publication, 27-43.
Bubshait, A. and Al-Atiq, T. (1999). “ISO 9000 Quality Standards in Construction” Journal of Management in Engineering, 15(6), 41–46.
Chung, H W. (2002). “Understanding Quality Assurance in Construction”: A Practical Guide to ISO 9000 for Contractors. London: E & FN Spon.
Hughes, C., Hwang, B., Kim, J. H., Eisenman, L. T., & Killian, D. J. (1999).Quality of life in applied research: A review and analysis of empirical measures. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 99, 12-78.
Ireland, L. R. (1991). Quality Management For Projects and Programs, Project Management Institute. 34-43.
ISO. (2008). “Quality Management System – Requirements” ISO 9001- Furth edition International Standard, Reference number: ISO 9001 Switzerland(E) 3-14.
Macdonald, John. (1993). “Understanding Total Quality Management in a Week”: England, 6 – 13.
Peter, H. (2006). “Quality Management in the Construction Industry”, Center for Quality and Productivity Improvement (CQPI) University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison: USA, 1-7.
Project Management Institute (2008). “A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge” (PMBOK Guide) – Fifth Edition, identifying Stakeholders Quality Control and Assurance. Available: www.PMI.org USA, 23, 261, 201-213.
Reeves and Bednar (1994). Defining quality: alternatives and Implications. Academy of Management Review, Vol.19, No. 3,: 419-445.
Spekknink, D. (1995).“Building Research and Information”, Architect’s and consultant’s quality management system, volume 23 number 2, 79-105.
Tang, S L. (2005). “Construction Quality Management”: Hong Kong University Press, 44-47.
Walton, M. (1986). The Deming Management Method. Peregree Books. 23-43.
更多代写：Html5代写 Cs final quiz代考 Essay代写报价 essay代写北美 加州大学music论文代写 英国econ代考价格
