BI Capabilities and BI Success in Varied Environments
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商业essay论文代写 Business Intelligence has allowed for the incorporation of a wide range of data, which is converted into coherent information
Introduction
The importance of decision-making cannot be gainsaid as far as the profitability and sustainability of any business entity is concerned. Indeed, decision-making determines the goals, as well as the processes and strategies that would be used to achieve the goals. Needless to say, different individuals have different strategies for decision-making (Casado, 2004). Scholars have noted that in some instances, decision-making has been dependent on intuition. However, the contemporary business environment has underlined the importance of acquiring various forms of data, which would then be analyzed for use in making decisions as to the appropriate strategies for enhancing the sustainability and competitiveness of a business entity (Casado, 2004). 商业essay论文代写
The business environment has undergone a fundamental change especially with regard to the level of complexity, increased speed of change, emerging or new economies, proactivity, networking, globalization and the flow of information. These, combined with the new techniques of acting and thinking that are associated with them have played an immense role in changing the market and the society at large from a capitalist driven one to an economy that is primarily driven by knowledge. Over and above the changes in the society, the emerging and advancing technologies, as well as applications have been responsible for significant change on the conventional models of business and operations. Scholars have noted that there had been an increase in the difficulty of running business entities thanks to the emerging or new rules of competition, as well as increased complication and hastened rate of variation in the new economy (Casado, 2004).
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介绍 商业essay论文代写
就任何商业实体的盈利能力和可持续性而言，决策的重要性是不言而喻的。事实上，决策决定了目标，以及用于实现目标的过程和策略。不用说，不同的人有不同的决策策略（Casado，2004）。学者们指出，在某些情况下，决策依赖于直觉。然而，当代商业环境强调了获取各种形式的数据的重要性，这些数据将被分析用于制定适当的战略以提高商业实体的可持续性和竞争力（Casado，2004 年）。
商业环境发生了根本性的变化，特别是在复杂程度、变化速度加快、新兴经济体或新经济体、主动性、网络化、全球化和信息流方面。这些，再加上与之相关的新的行动和思考技术，在将市场和整个社会从资本主义驱动的经济转变为主要由知识驱动的经济方面发挥了巨大作用。除了社会的变化之外，新兴和先进的技术以及应用程序已经对传统的业务和运营模式产生了重大变化。学者们注意到，由于新出现的竞争规则或新的竞争规则，以及新经济中复杂性的增加和变化速度的加快，经营企业实体的难度有所增加（Casado，2004）。
Since a significant proportion of the economic theory has its roots in the industrialization period,
the academic and business world has been striving to get new strategies or techniques for enhancing their business know-how and awareness in the knowledge-based society or economy. This underlines the fact that up-to-date information comes as an extremely strategic resource for business entities, as well as the basis for competitiveness in the ever-changing business climate of the contemporary societies. 商业essay论文代写
Indeed, the importance of up-to-date information has forced business entities to use information in a considerably more effective way than before, a task that would be virtually impossible without the incorporation of systematic information management. it is worth noting that information management primarily involves the identification of the necessary information, the manner in which the information should be gathered and organized, location for its storage, as well as he individuals in the business entities that should be allowed to access the information (Casado, 2004). Information management aims at optimizing the usefulness pertaining to the information resources of a company, as well as evaluate its value in making business decisions.
译文：
由于经济理论的很大一部分根源于工业化时期，
学术界和商界一直在努力获得新的战略或技术，以提高他们在知识型社会或经济中的商业知识和意识。这强调了这样一个事实，即最新信息是商业实体的极具战略意义的资源，也是在当代社会不断变化的商业环境中保持竞争力的基础。
事实上，最新信息的重要性已经迫使商业实体以比以前更有效的方式使用信息，如果不结合系统的信息管理，这项任务几乎是不可能完成的。值得注意的是，信息管理主要涉及必要信息的识别、信息的收集和组织方式、存储位置以及企业实体中应允许访问信息的个人。 （卡萨多，2004 年）。信息管理旨在优化与公司信息资源相关的有用性，并评估其在制定业务决策时的价值。
Unfortunately, information management has become increasingly difficult in the contemporary world.
This is especially considering the data explosion or rather the alarming rate at which data necessary for making business decisions is growing. By and large, business entities are grappling with unprecedented growth rates of data (Casado, 2004). Indeed, scholars have noted that the rate of growth for the amount of digital information in the entire world doubles every 11 hours.
Of course, this statistic should not be dismissed or ignored as marketing hype. Indeed, this statistic has been supported by data from studies conducted by IBM. This accelerated rate of data growth has introduced an extremely enormous problem regarding the management and analysis of such enormous and ever-increasing data amounts. This is where Business Intelligence comes in handy. 商业essay论文代写
Business intelligence is primarily designed to support decision making processes in business entities. Scholars note that the role of business intelligence is the extraction of information that is considered relevant and central to the sustainability of a business, as well as presenting or manipulating the data into useful information for the support of decision-making by the management (Kulkarni & King, 1997). On the same note, business entities use business intelligence to comprehend the capabilities that are available in and to the firm, as well as the trends, state of the art, technologies, future trends of the markets, actions and operations of competitors and their implications, not to mention the regulatory environment where the firm is operating and competing (Tsai & Chen, 2007).
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不幸的是，信息管理在当代世界变得越来越困难。
这尤其要考虑到数据爆炸，或者更确切地说是制定业务决策所需的数据以惊人的速度增长。总的来说，商业实体正在努力应对前所未有的数据增长率（Casado，2004）。事实上，学者们已经注意到，全世界数字信息量的增长率每 11 小时就会翻一番。
当然，不应将这一统计数字视为营销炒作而不予考虑或忽略。事实上，这一统计数据得到了 IBM 研究数据的支持。这种加速的数据增长速度给如此庞大且不断增加的数据量的管理和分析带来了极其巨大的问题。这就是商业智能派上用场的地方。
商业智能主要用于支持业务实体中的决策过程。学者们指出，商业智能的作用是提取被认为与企业可持续发展相关和核心的信息，以及将数据呈现或处理成有用的信息，以支持管理层的决策（Kulkarni &金，1997 年）。同样，商业实体使用商业智能来理解公司内部和公司可用的能力，以及趋势、最新技术、技术、市场的未来趋势、竞争对手的行动和运营及其影响，更不用说公司运营和竞争的监管环境（Tsai & Chen，2007）。
Business intelligence systems blend analytical tools with operational data to come up with competitive ad complex information,
which is presented to decision makers and planners so as to enhance the timeliness, as well as quality of the process of decision-making (Kulkarni & King, 1997). Of course, this drives the basic or simple definition of business intelligence system as a collection of technologies, programmed products and tools that are mainly used in the collection, integration and aggregation of data, as well as availing data in a format that can be used by the business entity. Indeed, business intelligence systems offer actionable information that is delivered at the appropriate time in the course of decision-making.
Since the introduction of the concept of Business Intelligence in the 80s, a large number of organizations or business entities have incorporated Business Intelligence in an effort to improve their performance. However, it goes without saying that not every Business Intelligence initiative has born fruits or even become a success story. Numerous academicians and practitioners have tried to outline the reasons as to why these initiatives have been successful or even a failure, albeit without coming up with a consistent picture as to the technique that would be most effective in achieving Business Intelligence success (Tsai & Chen, 2007). 商业essay论文代写
This paper aims at providing an enhanced comprehension as to the Business Intelligence success through an examination of the effect of Business Intelligence capabilities on Business Intelligence success in varied decision environments. The paper will examine numerous definitions of Business Intelligence according to different authors and academicians or scholars. In addition, it examines the varied business intelligence capabilities and the ways in which it influences business intelligence success.
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商业智能系统将分析工具与运营数据相结合，以得出具有竞争力的广告综合信息，
提交给决策者和规划者，以提高决策过程的及时性和质量（Kulkarni & King，1997）。当然，这推动了商业智能系统的基本或简单定义为技术、程序化产品和工具的集合，主要用于数据的收集、集成和聚合，以及以可使用的格式提供数据。由商业实体。事实上，商业智能系统提供了在决策过程中的适当时间提供的可操作信息。
自从上世纪 80 年代引入商业智能概念以来，大量组织或业务实体已将商业智能纳入其中，以努力提高其绩效。然而，毋庸置疑，并非每一个商业智能计划都取得了成果，甚至成为成功的故事。许多学者和从业者试图概述这些举措成功甚至失败的原因，尽管没有对最有效地实现商业智能成功的技术提出一致的看法（Tsai & Chen， 2007）。
本文旨在通过检查商业智能功能对不同决策环境中商业智能成功的影响，提供对商业智能成功的更深入的理解。本文将根据不同的作者和院士或学者对商业智能的众多定义进行研究。此外，它还检查了各种商业智能功能及其影响商业智能成功的方式。
COMPREHENSIVE DEFINITIONS OF BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE
As noted earlier, data makes up an extremely valuable asset for business entities as it is used to generate crucial information used in decision-making. The heightened need for punctual decision making has resulted in the creation or generation or creation of information at an increase speed. It is noted that reporting, data analysis, as well as query tools of business intelligence systems have the capacity to assist businesses to sort out the enormous data presented to them and come up with valuable information from them. While Business Intelligence is undoubtedly worth examination, a large part of academic literature emanates from vendors, the IT industry and the business world. 商业essay论文代写
Despite enormous leaps made in the field, academic research pertaining to the information systems is still at the preemptive stage, in which case a definition that is agreed upon across the board is yet to be attained (Tsai & Chen, 2007). Scholars have acknowledged the multifaceted nature of the term and stated that different software vendors and pundits use it to characterize a wide range of technologies, specific applications, software platforms and processes (Tsai & Chen, 2007). This underlines the fact that the expression is content-free and bears different meanings to different individuals.
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商业智能的全面定义 商业essay论文代写
如前所述，数据对于业务实体来说是一项极其宝贵的资产，因为它用于生成用于决策的关键信息。对准时决策的需求增加导致信息的创建或生成或创建速度加快。值得注意的是，商业智能系统的报告、数据分析以及查询工具有能力帮助企业整理呈现给他们的海量数据，并从中得出有价值的信息。虽然商业智能无疑值得研究，但很大一部分学术文献来自供应商、IT 行业和商业世界。
尽管在该领域取得了巨大的飞跃，但与信息系统有关的学术研究仍处于先发制人的阶段，在这种情况下，尚未达成全面一致的定义（Tsai & Chen，2007）。学者们已经承认该术语的多方面性质，并表示不同的软件供应商和权威人士使用它来表征广泛的技术、特定应用程序、软件平台和流程 (Tsai & Chen, 2007)。这强调了这样一个事实，即该表达是无内容的，对不同的人具有不同的含义。
Some scholars have credited the 1989 Gartner Research for coining the term business intelligence and its fundamental concepts.
Indeed, Howard Dresner of Gartner Research, is widely recognized in the academic world as the father of Business Intelligence, and first came up with the term to underline a broad range of solutions and software that are used for gathering, merge, undertake analysis, as well as provide access to data in such a manner that allows an enterprise to make better and informed decisions. This, however, does not undermine the fact that the term was in use as early as 1958 when Luhn penned an article in the IBM journal titled “A Business Intelligence System” in which he presented a concept that bears similarities with the contemporary notion or understanding of business intelligence. 商业essay论文代写
Indeed, the original definition presented by Luhn described the intelligence system as a communication facility that serves the conduct of business operations in the broad sense. Intelligence, according to Luhn underlined the capacity of an application to apprehend or capture the interrelationships pertaining to the presented facts in a manner that would guide the actions of the entity towards a particular goal. Since that time, prominent authors and leading vendors have come up with varied definitions of business intelligence in an effort to capture its essence.
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一些学者将 1989 年的 Gartner 研究归功于创造了商业智能一词及其基本概念。
事实上，Gartner Research 的 Howard Dresner 在学术界被广泛公认为商业智能之父，他首先提出了这个术语来强调用于收集、合并、进行分析的广泛解决方案和软件，如以及以允许企业做出更好和明智决策的方式提供对数据的访问。然而，这并没有破坏这个术语早在 1958 年就在使用的事实，当时 Luhn 在 IBM 杂志上写了一篇题为“商业智能系统”的文章，其中他提出了一个与当代概念或理解有相似之处的概念的商业智能。
事实上，Luhn 提出的最初定义将情报系统描述为一种通信设施，为广义上的业务运营提供服务。根据 Luhn 的说法，情报强调了应用程序以指导实体朝着特定目标的行动的方式理解或捕获与所呈现的事实有关的相互关系的能力。从那时起，著名的作者和领先的供应商提出了商业智能的各种定义，以试图捕捉其本质。
Hannula and Pirttimaki (2003) have defined business intelligence as systemic and organized processes that are used in the acquisition,
analysis and dissemination of information which would support the strategic and operative decision-making. Negash (2004), on the other hand, saw it as a system that blends the collection and storage of data and knowledge management to analytical tools so as to allow decision makers to convert sophisticated or complex information to the business entity’s competitive advantage. Moss and Atre (2003) defined it as an architecture and set of operational, integrated and decision-support databases and applications that offer the business community an easy access to business data. 商业essay论文代写
On the same note, business intelligence may be used to underline the accurate, critical and timely data, knowledge and information that props the operational and strategic decision making and the assessment of risks in dynamic and uncertain business environments. The sources of the information, knowledge and data may be externally supplied by customers, partners and third parties or collected from internal sources (Chang 2006). Turban et al. (2007), on the other hand, saw the term as one that encompasses the architectures, tools, data warehouses, databases, methodologies and performance management, among other things, all of which are combined to make a unified software suite.
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HANNULA 和 PIRTTIMAKI (2003) 将商业智能定义为在收购中使用的系统和有组织的过程，
分析和传播将支持战略和操作决策的信息。另一方面，Negash (2004) 将其视为一个系统，它将数据和知识管理的收集和存储与分析工具相结合，以便决策者能够将复杂或复杂的信息转化为企业实体的竞争优势。 Moss 和 Atre (2003) 将其定义为一个架构和一组运营、集成和决策支持数据库和应用程序，为商业社区提供对业务数据的轻松访问。
同样，商业智能可用于强调在动态和不确定的商业环境中支持运营和战略决策以及风险评估的准确、关键和及时的数据、知识和信息。信息、知识和数据的来源可能由客户、合作伙伴和第三方外部提供或从内部来源收集（Chang 2006）。头巾等。 (2007) 另一方面，将该术语视为包含架构、工具、数据仓库、数据库、方法论和性能管理等的术语，所有这些组合在一起构成了一个统一的软件套件。
Moss and Hoberman (2004), defined it as the technologies, tools and processes that are necessary to convert data into information,
which is consequently turned into knowledge that informs plans used in driving profitable business operations and activities. It bears some similarities with Turban’s definition as it takes a technological angle stating that the term encompasses business analytics tools, data warehousing and knowledge or content management. 商业essay论文代写
From the business world, Oracle (2007) defined business intelligence as a collection of applications and technology that offers an end-to-end integrated Enterprise Performance Management System that incorporates operational BI applications, data warehousing, financial performance management applications, as well as BI foundation and tools. Adelman and Moss (2000) saw Business Intelligence as a term that underlines a wide range of analytical software, as well as solutions for consolidating, gathering, analyzing and offering access to information in such a manner that allows the business entity’s users to make more informed and better business decisions.
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MOSS 和 HOBERMAN (2004) 将其定义为将数据转换为信息所必需的技术、工具和过程，
因此，它转化为知识，为用于推动有利可图的业务运营和活动的计划提供信息。它与 Turban 的定义有一些相似之处，因为它从技术角度说明该术语包括业务分析工具、数据仓库和知识或内容管理。
在商业领域，Oracle (2007) 将商业智能定义为提供端到端集成企业绩效管理系统的应用程序和技术的集合，该系统包含运营 BI 应用程序、数据仓库、财务绩效管理应用程序以及 BI基础和工具。 Adelman 和 Moss (2000) 将商业智能视为一个术语，它强调了广泛的分析软件，以及用于整合、收集、分析和提供信息访问的解决方案，这种方式允许业务实体的用户做出更明智的选择。和更好的商业决策。
Comparing the varied definitions that are advanced by from the academic and business world reveals that all of them can be categorized into three groups including technological, product and management.
The technological perspective sees Business Intelligence as a wide range of software, tools, technologies and solutions that allow decision makers in an organization to accumulate, find, organize, as well as access an increased amount of information from separate sources of date. This perspective allows Business Intelligence to lay emphasis on the technologies that allow for the collection, consolidation, storage, analysis, as well as mining of corporate data rather than on the process itself. The technological perspective aims at unveiling the insights deeply entrenched in the data in case there exists a right combination of data mining and data warehousing. 商业essay论文代写
The product perspective sees Business Intelligence as a product or result that emanates from advanced processing of data, knowledge and information of high quality, as well as analytical practices that allow for evaluation of performance and decision making. In this case, varied mining and analytical tools would be applied with data being sourced from transactional, legacy and operational systems from suppliers or from within the organization or business entity, customers, or even third parties including information service providers, government agencies and industry benchmarks.
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比较学术界和商业界提出的各种不同的定义，可以发现它们都可以分为三类，包括技术、产品和管理。
技术视角将商业智能视为范围广泛的软件、工具、技术和解决方案，允许组织中的决策者积累、查找、组织和访问来自不同数据源的更多信息。这种观点允许商业智能将重点放在允许收集、整合、存储、分析和挖掘公司数据的技术上，而不是过程本身。技术视角旨在揭示数据中根深蒂固的洞察力，以防存在数据挖掘和数据仓库的正确组合。
产品视角将商业智能视为一种产品或结果，它源自对数据、知识和高质量信息的高级处理，以及允许评估绩效和决策制定的分析实践。在这种情况下，将应用各种挖掘和分析工具，数据来自供应商或组织或业务实体、客户甚至第三方（包括信息服务提供商、政府机构和行业基准）的交易、遗留和运营系统。
The managerial perspective, on the other hand,
examines Business Intelligence as a process by which data derived from external and internal sources would be integrated thereby coming up with actionable data or information that would allow enhanced decision support, as well as realize or achieve the benefits that come with the deployment of enterprise applications and integrated transaction processing systems. In essence, the fundamental focus of the approach lies in the management and coordination of the process through which varied sources of information from varied transactional and operational systems would be coherently analyzed and integrated so as to support the process of decision-making.
Irrespective of the categories in which the definitions fall, BI is composed of both organizational and technical aspects.
In general, Business Intelligence provides its users with historical information that they can then analyze so as to allow for informed and effective decision making, as well as management support. In this case, Business Intelligence would be defined as a system that is composed of organizational and technical aspects that provides its users with historical information for analysis so as to allow for informed and effective decision making, as well as management support in an effort to increase the performance of the organization. 商业essay论文代写
As noted in the definitions, one of the key objectives of business intelligence is the support of management activities. In this case, it would be categorized as a Management Support System (MSS), which is essentially a computer based system that enhances management activities and offers functionalities so as to analyze and summarize business information (Watson, 2005). Key characteristics of MSS systems include the supporting decision-making in managerial activities, enhancement of the performance of individual users, as well as the support and utilization of data repository in meeting the needs pertaining to decision-making (Watson, 2005). BI fits in the MSS category as it uses data repository in storage of past and present data and running data analysis, supports the making of decisions in managerial activities, and aims at enhancing the performance of individual users by assisting them in the management of vast amounts of data in decision-making (Watson, 2005).
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另一方面，从管理的角度来看，
将商业智能视为一个过程，通过该过程将来自外部和内部来源的数据进行集成，从而提出可操作的数据或信息，以增强决策支持，并实现或实现企业应用程序部署带来的好处和集成事务处理系统。从本质上讲，该方法的根本重点在于流程的管理和协调，通过该流程可以连贯地分析和整合来自不同交易和运营系统的各种信息来源，以支持决策过程。
无论定义属于哪一类，BI 都由组织和技术方面组成。
一般而言，商业智能为其用户提供历史信息，然后他们可以对其进行分析，以便做出明智和有效的决策以及管理支持。在这种情况下，商业智能将被定义为由组织和技术方面组成的系统，为用户提供历史信息进行分析，以便做出明智和有效的决策，并提供管理支持，以增加组织的绩效。
正如定义中所指出的，商业智能的主要目标之一是支持管理活动。在这种情况下，它将被归类为管理支持系统 (MSS)，它本质上是一个基于计算机的系统，可增强管理活动并提供分析和汇总业务信息的功能（Watson，2005）。 MSS 系统的关键特征包括支持管理活动中的决策制定、提高个人用户的绩效，以及支持和利用数据存储库以满足与决策相关的需求（Watson，2005）。 BI 属于 MSS 类别，因为它使用数据存储库来存储过去和现在的数据并运行数据分析，支持管理活动中的决策制定，并旨在通过协助个人用户管理大量数据来提高他们的绩效决策中的数据（Watson，2005 年）。
Business Intelligence Success
This is used to underline the positive value that an entity derives from the investment that it has made on Business Intelligence. Scholars have underlined the fact that entities that incorporate Business Intelligence also have their competitive advantage enhanced. However, the definition that an organization gives to Business Intelligence success is determined by the benefits that the entity requires from the BI initiative (Vitt et al, 2002). Nevertheless, Business Intelligence Success may come as a representation of the achievement of benefits like enhanced profitability and efficiency. 商业essay论文代写
A large number of organizations have a hard time measuring Business Intelligence success. Indeed, some organizations may examine the tangible benefits, in which case they would utilize explicit measures like return on investment. Others may measure success in terms of enhanced profitability and operational efficiency in the organization. In cases where there is an element of reasonableness between the costs and the benefits accruing thereof, success would be considered to have been achieved. Other organizations would be measure success in terms of intangible benefits such as the perception of users as pertaining to the nature of Business Intelligence, the support that BI has garnered from stakeholders, or even the proportion of active users (Vitt et al, 2002). This underlines the differences between the measures of Business Intelligence success across organizations or even different BI instances within the same entity.
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商业智能成功 商业essay论文代写
这用于强调实体从其对商业智能进行的投资中获得的积极价值。学者们强调了这样一个事实，即整合了商业智能的实体也增强了其竞争优势。但是，组织对商业智能成功的定义取决于该实体需要从 BI 计划中获得的好处（Vitt 等，2002）。然而，商业智能成功可能代表实现收益，如提高盈利能力和效率。
许多组织很难衡量商业智能的成功。事实上，一些组织可能会检查有形的好处，在这种情况下，他们会使用投资回报等明确的衡量标准。其他人可能会根据组织中提高的盈利能力和运营效率来衡量成功。如果成本与其产生的收益之间存在合理性因素，则认为已经取得成功。其他组织将根据无形的好处来衡量成功，例如用户对商业智能性质的看法、BI 从利益相关者那里获得的支持，甚至是活跃用户的比例（Vitt 等，2002）。这凸显了跨组织甚至同一实体内不同 BI 实例的商业智能成功衡量标准之间的差异。
Despite the discrepancies in the utility of BI and the measures of Success in different organizations,
research consistently shows some distinctive characteristics of successful implementation of Business Intelligence (Vitt et al, 2002). Business entities that have successfully implemented Business Intelligence have generated a strategic approach to the same so as to ensure that their Business Intelligence is synchronized with the business objectives.
In addition, successful implementation of Business Intelligence is characterized by business sponsors that are actively involved and highly committed to its implementation, collaboration between the technical team and business users, as well as the viewing of business intelligence as an enterprise resource essentially resulting in the provision of sufficient funding so as to ensure growth in the long-term (Williams & Williams, 2007). 商业essay论文代写
On the same note, it would have interactive and static online data views offered by users and incorporate an experienced Business Intelligence team that is supported by independent consultants and the vendor, not to mention an organizational culture that reinforces the Business Intelligence solution. Other crucial features of successful business intelligence include appropriate technology and sound infrastructure, as well as a realistic Business Intelligence strategy that incorporates expected benefits and fundamental metrics (Vitt et al, 2002). It is imperative that businesses come up with their own BI success measures as success may come with different implications or meanings subject to the context within which it is being used.
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尽管 BI 的效用和不同组织的成功衡量标准存在差异，
研究一致显示成功实施商业智能的一些独特特征（Vitt 等，2002）。已成功实施商业智能的业务实体已为此制定了战略方法，以确保其商业智能与业务目标同步。
此外，商业智能的成功实施的特点是业务发起人积极参与并高度致力于其实施、技术团队和业务用户之间的协作，以及将商业智能视为企业资源，本质上导致提供充足的资金，以确保长期增长（威廉姆斯和威廉姆斯，2007 年）。
同样，它将具有用户提供的交互式和静态在线数据视图，并包含由独立顾问和供应商支持的经验丰富的商业智能团队，更不用说加强商业智能解决方案的组织文化。成功商业智能的其他重要特征包括适当的技术和健全的基础设施，以及包含预期收益和基本指标的现实商业智能战略（Vitt 等，2002）。企业必须提出自己的 BI 成功衡量标准，因为成功可能具有不同的含义或含义，具体取决于使用它的上下文。
Measurement of Business Intelligence Success
Successful business intelligence may be assessed by the increase in the profits accruing to the organization or the enhancement of the competitive advantage of the organization. Nevertheless, return on investment comes as the most frequently used measurement of successful Business Intelligence with scholars underlining the fact that if business intelligence does not result in an increase in customer value, it would be increasing expenses, in which case it would not be producing or generating sufficient return on investment (Zack, 2007). Indeed, return on investment has also been extensively used in the assessment and approval of data warehouses. However, it is usually difficult to measure return on investment, in which case other measures such as time savings, enhancement of revenue, value contribution and cost avoidance would be considered alongside return on investment in determining the effectiveness or success of Business Intelligence (Zack, 2007).
Other approaches to measuring business intelligence success include the subjective measurement where the decision maker’s satisfaction is measured by asking questions pertaining to the business Intelligence’s effectiveness (Raisinghani, 2004).
This would allow for the recognition of the perception of users as to the varied aspects pertaining to the systems including timeliness, usefulness and ease of use (Thierauf, 2001). In addition, the measurement of the satisfactions of users with regard to relevancy, quality of information and timeliness that business information provides would provide insights on its success and the how the users perceive its effectiveness (Zack, 2007). 商业essay论文代写
Other approaches may involve the Competitive Intelligence Measurement Model, where the return on Business Intelligence investment would be calculated by considering the decision makers’ satisfaction, objective completion, goal attainment, as well as costs pertaining to the project (Raisinghani, 2004). Indeed, this model would assess success of BI by considering the satisfaction of business sponsors with the Business Intelligence, as well as the attitudes of business users pertaining to Business Intelligence.
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商业智能成功的衡量 商业essay论文代写
成功的商业智能可以通过增加组织的利润或增强组织的竞争优势来评估。然而，投资回报率是衡量成功商业智能最常用的衡量标准，学者们强调，如果商业智能不能提高客户价值，就会增加费用，在这种情况下，它不会产生或产生足够的投资回报 (Zack, 2007)。事实上，投资回报也被广泛用于数据仓库的评估和批准。然而，通常很难衡量投资回报，在这种情况下，在确定商业智能的有效性或成功时，将考虑其他措施，例如节省时间、增加收入、价值贡献和成本避免以及投资回报（Zack， 2007）。
衡量商业智能成功的其他方法包括主观测量，即通过询问与商业智能的有效性相关的问题来衡量决策者的满意度，40RAI）。
这将允许识别用户对与系统有关的各个方面的看法，包括及时性、有用性和易用性（Thierauf，2001）。此外，衡量用户在相关性、信息质量和业务信息提供的及时性方面的满意度将提供有关其成功以及用户如何看待其有效性的见解（Zack，2007）。
其他方法可能涉及竞争情报测量模型，其中将通过考虑决策者的满意度、目标完成情况、目标实现以及与项目相关的成本来计算商业智能投资的回报 (Raisinghani, 2004)。事实上，该模型将通过考虑商业发起人对商业智能的满意度以及商业用户对商业智能的态度来评估 BI 的成功。
Business Intelligence Capabilities
The capacity of a business entity to adapt itself to the dynamic and rapidly changing business environment necessitates that the business entities be completely elastic. This has a bearing on their competitiveness in the long-term and short-term, in which case it plays an enormous role in its profitability (Weiss, 2003). Research has shown that Business Intelligence play a crucial role in the provision of this elasticity thanks to the capabilities with which it comes. 商业essay论文代写
Business intelligence capabilities may be defined as critical functionalities that allow a business entity to enhance its capacity to adapt to change and enhance its performance (Raisinghani, 2004). Scholars have noted that Business Intelligence that incorporates the appropriate capabilities would increase the accuracy with which an organization predicts variations in demand for its products or even perceive an increase the market share of a competitor’s new product thereby allowing for a quick response through the introduction of a competing product or heightening the marketing strategies for its products (Thierauf, 2001).
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商业智能能力 商业essay论文代写
业务实体适应动态和快速变化的业务环境的能力要求业务实体具有完全的弹性。这对他们的长期和短期竞争力有影响，在这种情况下，它对其盈利能力起着巨大的作用（Weiss，2003）。研究表明，商业智能在提供这种弹性方面发挥着至关重要的作用，这要归功于它所具有的功能。
商业智能能力可以被定义为允许商业实体增强其适应变化的能力并提高其绩效的关键功能（Raisinghani，2004）。学者们指出，包含适当功能的商业智能将提高组织预测其产品需求变化的准确性，甚至可以感知竞争对手新产品的市场份额增加，从而允许通过引入竞争产品或提高其产品的营销策略（Thierauf，2001）。
While practitioner-oriented research has more or less comprehensively examined Business Intelligence Capabilities,
academic Intelligence Systems research has done little research on the same. In most cases, capabilities have been examined with regard to the role that Intelligence Systems play in the competitive advantage and performance of an organization. Intelligence Systems capabilities underline the functionalities that deploy and organize Intelligence Systems-based resources blended with other capabilities and resources (Williams & Williams, 2007).
As much as a large part of research has been viewing Intelligence Systems capabilities in terms of management, there is some research that primarily concentrates on the technological capabilities. Nevertheless, capabilities may be viewed from both technological and organizational perspectives (Williams & Williams, 2007). 商业essay论文代写
Organizational Business Intelligence capabilities refer to assets that an organization uses in the effective and efficient application of intelligence systems, while technological Business intelligence capabilities underline the sharable databases and technical platforms that incorporate well defined data standards and technology architecture (Weiss, 2003). For instance, organizational Business Intelligence Capabilities would underline Business Intelligence flexibility, adaptability and the risk level that the Business Intelligence supports, while the types and sources of data that are used by Business Intelligence in the organization would essentially be the technological BI capabilities (Williams & Williams, 2007).
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虽然以从业者为导向的研究或多或少具有全面审查商业智能的能力，
学术情报系统研究对此的研究很少。在大多数情况下，已经根据情报系统在组织的竞争优势和绩效中发挥的作用来检查能力。情报系统能力强调了部署和组织基于情报系统的资源与其他能力和资源混合的功能（威廉姆斯和威廉姆斯，2007）。
尽管大部分研究都是从管理角度看待智能系统能力，但也有一些研究主要集中在技术能力上。然而，可以从技术和组织的角度来看待能力（威廉姆斯和威廉姆斯，2007 年）。
组织商业智能能力是指组织在智能系统的有效和高效应用中使用的资产，而技术商业智能能力强调可共享的数据库和技术平台，这些数据库和技术平台结合了明确定义的数据标准和技术架构（Weiss，2003）。例如，组织商业智能能力将强调商业智能支持的商业智能灵活性、适应性和风险水平，而商业智能在组织中使用的数据类型和来源本质上是技术 BI 能力（Williams &威廉姆斯，2007 年）。
Varied categories of Business Intelligence applications, as well as their evolution may be grouped in two dimensions on the basis of the exponential increase of the accessible information,
as well as the heightening necessity of skilled business users. The two categories include decision-making style, and information analysis and access (Raisinghani, 2004). Decision style primarily includes the structure of decisions, while the second category includes the technologies and techniques that have been used in the collection and analysis of information. v
These two categories may be used in characterization of a business entity as an information buffet, decision factory, hypothesis explored or the brave new world (Zhang, & Tansuhaj, 2007). The category in which an organization falls is dependent on the capabilities like the data sources, data reliability, analyzable data types, system flexibility, level of risk that the system allows for, system flexibility, user access with regard to authentication and authorization, the level of intuition that may be used in the process of analysis, as well as the system’s flexibility. 商业essay论文代写
As business entities exploit the capabilities of business intelligence, their use of business intelligence would also increase, as does the level of maturity of the business intelligence. Scholars have noted that the mature business intelligence would enhance the elasticity, as well as the capacity of the business entity to respond to the dynamic and rapidly ever-changing business environment, which has a positive impact on the performance of the business entity (Zhang, & Tansuhaj, 2007). This underlines the importance of recognizing the business intelligence capabilities so as to enhance the effectiveness of its application to the business entity’s strategic needs.
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商业智能应用程序的不同类别及其演变可以根据可访问信息呈指数增长分为两个维度，
以及熟练的业务用户日益增长的必要性。这两个类别包括决策风格以及信息分析和访问（Raisinghani，2004）。决策风格主要包括决策的结构，而第二类包括用于信息收集和分析的技术和技巧。
这两个类别可用于将业务实体描述为信息自助餐、决策工厂、假设探索或勇敢的新世界 (Zhang, & Tansuhaj, 2007)。组织所属的类别取决于数据源、数据可靠性、可分析数据类型、系统灵活性、系统允许的风险级别、系统灵活性、用户对身份验证和授权的访问、级别分析过程中可能使用的直觉以及系统的灵活性。
随着业务实体利用商业智能的能力，他们对商业智能的使用也会增加，商业智能的成熟度水平也是如此。有学者指出，成熟的商业智能会增强商业主体的弹性，以及对动态和瞬息万变的商业环境的反应能力，这对商业主体的绩效产生积极影响（张，和坦苏哈吉，2007 年）。这强调了识别商业智能能力的重要性，以提高其应用对业务实体战略需求的有效性。
How do Business Intelligence Capabilities relate to the decision Environment?
As postulated earlier, the incorporation of the appropriate Business Intelligence success is highly dependent on the incorporation of the appropriate BI capabilities, which in turn is dependent on the decision environment within which the business intelligence would be implemented. Scholars have researched on the relationship between the provisions of a Management Support System and the decision environment or rather the problem space where the system is implemented. The relationship is defined as the closeness by which the designed management support system is a reflection of the organizational goals in the outcomes of the decisions (Casado, 2004). This relationship (or match) is affected by the level of complexity of organizational decisions.
It is worth noting that the Management Support Systems are developed in an effort to support varied decisions with the effectiveness of the support systems being the direct result of the efficiency of the support given to the decisions.
In essence, the comprehension of the manner in which business intelligence capabilities are affected by the decision environment is extremely crucial (Pietersen, 2002). The management support system’s appropriateness to the strategy and structure of an organization is a crucial factor affecting the success of MSS (Badr & Madden, 2006). 商业essay论文代写
Research indicates, for instance, that supply chain systems offer increased alertness to the organization in cases where there exists a fit in the task and strategy between the organizational elements and supply chain elements. It is well noted that an increase in the match between the organizational structure and the management support triggers and increase or improvement in the organizational performance (Raisinghani, 2004). In fact, scholars have opined that the fit among the technology infrastructure, business strategy and organizational structure would result in an increase in the capacity to obtain value or returns on the investment made on Intelligence Systems.
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商业智能能力如何与决策环境相关？ 商业essay论文代写
如前所述，适当的商业智能成功的结合高度依赖于适当的 BI 功能的结合，而这反过来又取决于实施商业智能的决策环境。学者们研究了管理支持系统的规定与决策环境或系统实施的问题空间之间的关系。这种关系被定义为设计的管理支持系统在决策结果中反映组织目标的紧密程度（Casado，2004）。这种关系（或匹配）受组织决策复杂程度的影响。
值得注意的是，管理支持系统的开发是为了支持各种决策，支持系统的有效性是对决策提供支持的效率的直接结果。
从本质上讲，对商业智能能力受决策环境影响的方式的理解是极其重要的（Pietersen，2002）。管理支持系统对组织战略和结构的适用性是影响 MSS 成功的关键因素（Badr & Madden，2006）。
例如，研究表明，在组织元素和供应链元素之间存在任务和战略匹配的情况下，供应链系统可以提高组织的警觉性。众所周知，组织结构和管理支持之间匹配度的增加会触发组织绩效的增加或改善（Raisinghani，2004）。事实上，学者们认为，技术基础设施、业务战略和组织结构之间的匹配将导致智能系统投资获得价值或回报的能力增加。
Decision Environment
This paper aimed at examining literature pertaining to the impact of business intelligence capability on success of such systems moderated by the environment within which the decisions are made. Decision environment refers to the sum of social and physical factors that would be considered directly in individuals’ decision-making behavior in a business entity (Raisinghani, 2004). This encompasses the internal factors such as functional units, organizational factors and people, as well as external factors such as technological issues, competitors, customers, sociopolitical issues and suppliers among others (Raisinghani, 2004). 商业essay论文代写
The type of decisions are considered as a component of the decision environment thanks to the fact that the extent by which decision are unstructured or structured within a decision environment affects the performance of the techniques of analysis used in decision making (Pietersen, 2002). In addition, the needs of the decision maker with regard to information processing make up a component of decision environment as long as the decision making involves the processing and application of information that has been gathered thereof. Indeed, it is impossible to separate the decision making from the needs of the organization pertaining to information processing especially considering the fact that the appropriate information is dependent on the decision making context’s characteristics.
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决策环境 商业essay论文代写
本文旨在检查有关商业智能能力对此类系统成功的影响的文献，这些系统受决策环境的影响。决策环境是指在企业实体中个人的决策行为中直接考虑的社会和物理因素的总和（Raisinghani，2004）。这包括内部因素，如职能单位、组织因素和人员，以及外部因素，如技术问题、竞争对手、客户、社会政治问题和供应商等（Raisinghani，2004 年）。
由于决策在决策环境中的非结构化或结构化程度会影响决策制定中使用的分析技术的性能，因此决策类型被视为决策环境的一个组成部分（Pietersen，2002 年）。此外，决策者对信息处理的需求构成了决策环境的一个组成部分，只要决策涉及对其收集的信息的处理和应用。事实上，不可能将决策与组织对信息处理的需求分开，尤其是考虑到适当的信息取决于决策背景的特征这一事实。
HOW DO BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE CAPABILITIES INFLUENCE PERFORMANCE?
a.Intuition involved in the analysis
Intuition may be defined as speedy decision-making that involves high confidence and low cognitive control levels in the decisions made. As much as Business Intelligence has undergone incredible improvement thanks to the advanced technology, there have been minimal changes as far as its core processes are concerned. Individual decision makers still make use of their intuition in the management of their business irrespective of the presence or absence of technology accompanying the intuition. In essence, intuition may be considered a business intelligence capability in an organization. 商业essay论文代写
This, however, does not negate the research that has underlined the insufficiency of intuition in competitively running a business in the contemporary world. It has become imperative that numbers and facts are used in decision making rather than gut feelings as the former results in considerably more successful business application, as well as improved agility of the enterprise (Pietersen, 2002). While a large number of applications that use Business Intelligence do not revolve around the use of intuition in analysis, intuition is yet to be completely eliminated from the scene. Technology has the capacity to monitor events, automate responses, undertake predictive analysis and provide notifications, but still there will be decisions that require human thought.
While this is the case, research has not shown a significant relationship between the intuition level involved in the analysis and the BI success.
Scholars have explained this finding and stated that it may be an indication of the fact that decision makers do not use intuition in the process of decision-making rather, they make decisions on the basis of data and analysis (Weill et al, 2002). Indeed, research has shown that organizations that make decisions on the basis of data and analysis have a higher likelihood of succeeding in their Business Intelligence initiative as compared to business entities that make decisions on the basis of intuition (Zhang, & Tansuhaj, 2007). 商业essay论文代写
On the same note, the non-significance pertaining to the intuition level that is involved in analysis may imply that the success of Business Intelligence depends more on the manner in which decision makers utilize the system not their thoughts (Pietersen, 2002). As much as intuition that may be based on experience would be crucial in decision-making, gut instinct that is based on experiences would be less useful. This finding underlines previous research which has indicated that Business Intelligence plays an immense role in the reduction of the level by which decision makers use intuition, thereby allowing for success (Weill et al, 2002).
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商业智能能力如何影响绩效？ 商业essay论文代写
A. 参与分析的直觉
直觉可以定义为快速决策，在决策中涉及高信心和低认知控制水平。由于先进的技术，商业智能经历了令人难以置信的改进，就其核心流程而言，变化很小。个人决策者仍然利用他们的直觉来管理他们的业务，而不管是否存在伴随直觉的技术。本质上，直觉可以被认为是组织中的一种商业智能能力。
然而，这并不能否定在当今世界竞争性地经营企业时直觉不足的研究。必须在决策中使用数字和事实，而不是凭直觉，因为前者可以大大提高业务应用的成功率，并提高企业的敏捷性（Pietersen，2002 年）。虽然大量使用商业智能的应用程序并没有围绕在分析中使用直觉展开，但直觉尚未完全从场景中消失。技术有能力监控事件、自动响应、进行预测分析和提供通知，但仍然会有需要人工思考的决策。
虽然情况如此，但研究并未显示分析中涉及的直觉水平与 BI 成功之间存在显着关系。
学者们解释了这一发现，并表示这可能表明决策者在决策过程中不使用直觉，而是根据数据和分析做出决策（Weill 等，2002）。事实上，研究表明，与基于直觉做出决策的企业实体相比，基于数据和分析做出决策的组织在其商业智能计划中取得成功的可能性更高（Zhang, & Tansuhaj, 2007）。
同样，与分析中涉及的直觉水平有关的无意义可能意味着商业智能的成功更多地取决于决策者利用系统的方式而不是他们的想法（Pietersen，2002）。尽管可能基于经验的直觉在决策中至关重要，但基于经验的直觉可能不太有用。这一发现强调了先前的研究，该研究表明商业智能在降低决策者使用直觉的水平方面发挥着巨大作用，从而实现成功（Weill 等，2002）。
b.Level of risk
Every aspect of business decision involves a certain level of risks and uncertainties, especially considering the scarcity of facts and information during decision-making. Business Intelligence has been widely used in reducing uncertainty and enhancing the quality of decisions made, in which case this would be a BI capability. Of course, different businesses have different motivations, as well as tolerance levels for risks. Researchers have noted that innovative business entities have higher tolerance levels for risks, while entities that incorporate well-defined and specific problems have low tolerance levels for risks (Liebowitz, 2006).
Business Intelligence capabilities have been shown to have an impact on the success by which organizations have the capacity to manage risks.
It allows businesses to manage risks through monitoring the operational and financial health of the business entity, as well as regulating or controlling the organization’s operations via alerts, dashboards and key performance indicators (Weill et al, 2002). This involves the use of predictive and analytical tools, simulation and modeling techniques that allow business entities to make decisions and chart a course of action that balances the risk while attaining higher value (Pietersen, 2002). 商业essay论文代写
However, research has shown that business intelligence comes as more useful in assisting decision makers to deal with decisions that involve considerably higher risk. Indeed, business intelligence is often studied as a platform for analyzing and mitigating risks with the sole aim of managing and lowering it (Davis, 2003). Considering the external and internal risks that organizations face and their negative impact on the performance of the organization, business intelligence plays an immense role in the management of risks through minimizing it, as well as offering an integrated view as to the risks and performance.
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B. 风险等级
业务决策的每个方面都涉及一定程度的风险和不确定性，尤其是考虑到决策过程中事实和信息的稀缺性。商业智能已被广泛用于减少不确定性和提高决策质量，在这种情况下，这将是一种 BI 功能。当然，不同的企业有不同的动机，以及对风险的容忍程度。研究人员注意到，创新的商业实体具有较高的风险容忍度，而包含明确定义和具体问题的实体对风险的容忍度较低（Liebowitz，2006）。
商业智能功能已被证明会对组织管理风险的能力产生影响。
它允许企业通过监控业务实体的运营和财务健康状况来管理风险，以及通过警报、仪表板和关键绩效指标调节或控制组织的运营（Weill 等，2002）。这涉及使用预测和分析工具、模拟和建模技术，使业务实体能够做出决策并制定行动方案，以平衡风险，同时获得更高的价值（Pietersen，2002 年）。
然而，研究表明，商业智能在协助决策者处理涉及相当高风险的决策方面更有用。事实上，商业智能通常被研究为分析和减轻风险的平台，其唯一目的是管理和降低风险（戴维斯，2003 年）。考虑到组织面临的外部和内部风险及其对组织绩效的负面影响，商业智能通过最大限度地减少风险以及提供有关风险和绩效的综合视图，在风险管理中发挥着巨大的作用。
c.Reliability of data used in decision-making
A stated earlier, rarely do decision makers use intuition in charting the way forward for their business entities. Indeed, data has become extremely crucial in making critical decisions, in which case it is imperative that the data is reliable and accurate (Liebowitz, 2006). However, research has shown that all organizations, irrespective of their sizes are affected negatively by inaccuracy, duplication, as well as imperfection of the data that they make use of in charting their course. Indeed, it is estimated that issues pertaining to the quality of customer data alone result in losses of more than $600 billion every year (Davis, 2003). The reliability of data may be an issue especially with regard to externally sourced data as there exists no control mechanism for integrating and validating it. 商业essay论文代写
In addition, internal data is vulnerable to inaccuracy and errors especially from errors during the migration processes from a system to another,
poor processes of handling data, as well as poor maintenance procedures (Davis, 2003). Needless to say, inaccurate and inconsistent information would hamper the capacity of an organization to meet the expectations of customers or even maintain its competitiveness. Nevertheless, the technological capabilities pertaining to Business intelligence in the provision of timely, consistent and accurate information for its users would allow the business entity to enhance its agility.
While this is the case, the decision environment only moderates the influence pertaining to high quality quantitative data on the success of Business intelligence rather than on qualitative data. This does not come as a surprise especially considering that a large number of decisions depend on quantifiable data, with the quality of that data being critical or crucial to the decision make (Davis, 2003)r. This may be explained b the fact that a large number of decision makers rely heavily on quantifiable or quantitative data rather than qualitative data, in which case they would be minimally concerned about the quality of the qualitative data as far as the strategic decision-making environment is concerned (Davis, 2003).
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C. 用于决策的数据的可靠性
如前所述，决策者很少使用直觉为他们的业务实体规划前进的道路。事实上，数据在做出关键决策时变得极其重要，在这种情况下，数据必须可靠且准确（Liebowitz，2006）。然而，研究表明，所有组织，无论其规模如何，都会受到他们用来制定路线图的数据的不准确、重复和不完善的负面影响。事实上，据估计，仅与客户数据质量有关的问题每年就会导致超过 6000 亿美元的损失（Davis，2003）。数据的可靠性可能是一个问题，特别是对于外部来源的数据，因为不存在集成和验证数据的控制机制。
此外，内部数据容易出现不准确和错误，尤其是从一个系统到另一个系统的迁移过程中的错误，
糟糕的数据处理流程以及糟糕的维护程序 (Davis, 2003)。毋庸置疑，不准确和不一致的信息会妨碍组织满足客户期望甚至保持其竞争力的能力。尽管如此，与商业智能相关的技术能力在为其用户提供及时、一致和准确的信息方面将允许商业实体提高其敏捷性。
在这种情况下，决策环境只会缓和与高质量定量数据有关的对商业智能成功的影响，而不是对定性数据的影响。这并不奇怪，特别是考虑到大量决策依赖于可量化的数据，而这些数据的质量对决策至关重要或至关重要 (Davis, 2003)r。这可能是由于大量决策者严重依赖可量化或定量数据而不是定性数据的事实，在这种情况下，就战略决策环境而言，他们对定性数据的质量的关注程度最低关注（戴维斯，2003 年）。
d.Elasticity and Flexibility
The importance of flexibility for intelligence systems cannot be gainsaid as far as their effectiveness is concerned. Flexibility revolves around the capacity of an intelligence system to allow for a certain level of modification and variation with respect to the requirements pertaining to the business processes that it supports (Kulkarni & King, 1997). Scholars have underlined the fact that the level of flexibility has a direct impact on the success that an intelligence system has (Kulkarni & King, 1997). However, as much as insufficient flexibility may hinder or hamper the use of intelligence systems in certain conditions, too much of the same would essentially increase the level of complexity and sophistication, as well as reduce the usability of the intelligence system. 商业essay论文代写
On the same note, scholars have underlined that the achievement of the competitive advantages with which business intelligence comes necessitates that organizations undertake a careful selection of the predisposing technology that would support the operations of the Business Intelligence, especially with special consideration of the system’s flexibility (Liebowitz, 2006). It is imperative that the Business Intelligence system is compatible with the current applications and tools so as to lower the complexity and costs in the organization. Scholars have noted that the level of strictness of rules and regulations of business processes that the Business Intelligence supports have a direct impact on the level of flexibility of the business intelligence (Liebowitz, 2006).
In cases where the applications of the Business Intelligence come with strict rules and policies,
the BI would have relatively low level of flexibility especially considering that increased strictness increases the difficulty of dealing with urgencies and exceptions (Kulkarni & King, 1997). While technology may not always be in support of exceptional situations, it is imperative that business entities incorporate the robust functionality and flexibility that would allow them to derive maximum potential from business intelligence. 商业essay论文代写
This would essentially involve issues such as the use of different non-conventional sources of data rather than the traditional ones like data warehouses, and analyzing the data so collected using varied categories of analytical tools. Indeed, the success of Business Intelligence initiatives depends on its capacity to use or allow for a certain extent of variation in technology, environment, as well as business processes. Scholars have underlined this fact by stating that the current business environment will always involve a high level of dynamism and change, in which case business entities should have the capacity to change their Business Intelligence quickly so as align themselves with the changing business environments, as well as enhance and retain their competitiveness.
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D.弹性和灵活性
就其有效性而言，不能否认情报系统灵活性的重要性。灵活性围绕着智能系统的能力，以允许对其支持的业务流程的相关要求进行一定程度的修改和变化（Kulkarni & King，1997）。学者们强调了这样一个事实，即灵活性水平对情报系统的成功有直接影响（Kulkarni & King，1997）。然而，尽管灵活性不足可能会在某些条件下阻碍或阻碍智能系统的使用，但太多的灵活性将从本质上增加复杂性和精密度，并降低智能系统的可用性。
同样，学者们强调，要获得商业智能带来的竞争优势，组织必须仔细选择支持商业智能运营的倾向性技术，特别是要特别考虑系统的灵活性（利博维茨，2006 年）。商业智能系统必须与当前的应用程序和工具兼容，以降低组织的复杂性和成本。学者们已经注意到，商业智能支持的业务流程规则和法规的严格程度直接影响商业智能的灵活性水平（Liebowitz，2006）。
如果商业智能的应用程序带有严格的规则和政策，
BI 将具有相对较低的灵活性，特别是考虑到增加的严格性增加了处理紧急情况和例外的难度（Kulkarni & King，1997）。虽然技术可能并不总是支持特殊情况，但业务实体必须整合强大的功能和灵活性，使他们能够从商业智能中获得最大潜力。
这主要涉及诸如使用不同的非常规数据源而不是数据仓库等传统数据源，以及使用不同类别的分析工具分析如此收集的数据等问题。实际上，商业智能计划的成功取决于其使用或允许一定程度的技术、环境和业务流程变化的能力。学者们强调了这一事实，指出当前的商业环境总是涉及高度的活力和变化，在这种情况下，商业实体应该有能力快速改变他们的商业智能，以便与不断变化的商业环境保持一致，以及以增强和保持其竞争力。
FURTHER RESEARCH AND CONCLUSION
Research pertaining to Business Intelligence success and how it is related to business intelligence capabilities is extremely scarce in the academic world. This paper aims at examining and providing enhanced comprehension of the manner in which varied capabilities of business intelligence would improve business intelligence successes within business entities or organizations. This literature review has examined the expansive body of knowledge pertaining to this relationship and introduced organizational, as well as technological Business intelligence capabilities, as well as the manner in which they can affect the success of Business Intelligence. 商业essay论文代写
However, this literature review has examined a limited number of organizational and technological Business Intelligence capabilities, in which case it is in no way exhaustive. In essence, future research could undertake a reexamination of the capabilities of Business Intelligence that have been outlined in this paper, as well as expand and possibly redefine the grouping pertaining to the constructs (Raisinghani, 2004). On the same note, future research could examine the impact of varied Business Intelligence capabilities on Business Intelligence success with regard to varied categories of decisions, as well as varied informational requirements pertaining to those decisions.
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进一步研究和结论 商业essay论文代写
关于商业智能成功以及它与商业智能能力如何相关的研究在学术界极为稀缺。本文旨在检查和增强对商业智能的各种功能将提高商业实体或组织内商业智能成功的方式的理解。这篇文献综述研究了与这种关系有关的广泛知识体系，并介绍了组织和技术商业智能能力，以及它们影响商业智能成功的方式。
然而，这篇文献综述研究了有限数量的组织和技术商业智能能力，在这种情况下，它绝不是详尽无遗的。从本质上讲，未来的研究可以重新审视本文中概述的商业智能的功能，并扩展并可能重新定义与构造有关的分组（Raisinghani，2004）。同样，未来的研究可以检查不同商业智能能力对商业智能成功的影响，涉及不同类别的决策，以及与这些决策有关的不同信息要求。
In conclusion, the importance of decision-making cannot be gainsaid as far as the profitability and sustainability of any business entity is concerned.
In the past, decision making would primarily be made by intuition or gut feeling. However, the contemporary business environment has underlined the importance of acquiring various forms of data, which would then be analyzed for use in making decisions as to the appropriate strategies for enhancing the sustainability and competitiveness of a business entity. The business environment has undergone a fundamental change especially with regard to the level of complexity, increased speed of change, emerging or new economies, proactivity, networking, globalization and the flow of information.
These, combined with the new techniques of acting and thinking that are associated with them have played an immense role in changing the market and the society at large from a capitalist driven one to an economy that is primarily driven by knowledge (Raisinghani, 2004). This underlines the fact that up-to-date information comes as an extremely strategic resource for business entities, as well as the basis for competitiveness in the ever-changing business climate of the contemporary societies. 商业essay论文代写
Indeed, the importance of up-to-date information has forced business entities to use information in a considerably more effective way than before, a task that would be virtually impossible without the incorporation of systematic information management. Unfortunately, information management has become increasingly difficult in the contemporary world, especially considering the data explosion or rather the alarming rate at which data necessary for making business decisions is growing. This has necessitated the incorporation of Business Intelligence, which is primarily designed to support decision making processes in business entities (Badr & Madden, 2006).
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总而言之，就任何企业的盈利能力和可持续性而言，决策的重要性都不能提高。
过去，决策主要是通过直觉或直觉做出的。然而，当代商业环境强调了获取各种形式的数据的重要性，这些数据将被分析用于制定适当战略的决策，以提高商业实体的可持续性和竞争力。商业环境发生了根本性的变化，特别是在复杂程度、变化速度加快、新兴经济体或新经济体、主动性、网络化、全球化和信息流方面。
这些，再加上与之相关的新的行动和思考技术，在将市场和整个社会从资本主义驱动的经济转变为主要由知识驱动的经济方面发挥了巨大作用（Raisinghani，2004 年）。这强调了这样一个事实，即最新信息是商业实体的极具战略意义的资源，也是在当代社会不断变化的商业环境中保持竞争力的基础。
事实上，最新信息的重要性已经迫使商业实体以比以前更有效的方式使用信息，如果不结合系统的信息管理，这项任务几乎是不可能完成的。不幸的是，信息管理在当今世界变得越来越困难，特别是考虑到数据爆炸，或者更确切地说，制定业务决策所需的数据以惊人的速度增长。这就需要引入商业智能，其主要目的是支持业务实体的决策过程（Badr & Madden，2006 年）。
The varied definitions of Business intelligence have emanated from the business world or the vendors,
with little research being carried out by academicians. On the same note, the varied definitions that have been advanced fall under organizational, product or technological aspect. Nevertheless, irrespective of the categories within which the definitions fall, BI is composed of both organizational and technical aspects. In general, Business Intelligence provides its users with historical information that they can then analyze so as to allow for informed and effective decision making, as well as management support.
Successful business intelligence may be assessed by the increase in the profits accruing to the organization or the enhancement of the competitive advantage of the organization (Badr & Madden, 2006).
Nevertheless, return on investment comes as the most frequently used measurement of successful Business Intelligence with scholars underlining the fact that if business intelligence does not result in an increase in customer value, it would be increasing expenses, in which case it would not be producing or generating sufficient return on investment. In essence, the question is how the different Business Intelligence capabilities impact Business Intelligence success. Research has shown that capabilities pertaining to the usage of intuition in analysis of varied business conditions are reduced by business Intelligence. 商业essay论文代写
Business Intelligence has allowed for the incorporation of a wide range of data, which is converted into coherent information that would inform the decisions of the management. This would essentially enhance the soundness of the decisions made, which would consequently increase the return on investment. In addition, Business Intelligence has been widely used in reducing uncertainty and enhancing the quality of decisions made, in which case this would be a BI capability. Business Intelligence capabilities have been shown to have an impact on the success by which organizations have the capacity to manage risks. It allows businesses to manage risks through monitoring the operational and financial health of the business entity, as well as regulating or controlling the organization’s operations via alerts, dashboards and key performance indicators.
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商业智能的不同定义来自商业世界或供应商，
院士们进行的研究很少。同样，已经提出的各种定义属于组织、产品或技术方面。然而，无论定义属于哪个类别，BI 都由组织和技术方面组成。一般而言，商业智能为其用户提供历史信息，然后他们可以对其进行分析，以便做出明智和有效的决策以及管理支持。
成功的商业智能可以通过增加组织的利润或增强组织的竞争优势来评估（Badr & Madden，2006）。
然而，投资回报率是衡量成功商业智能最常用的衡量标准，学者们强调，如果商业智能不能提高客户价值，就会增加费用，在这种情况下，它不会产生或产生足够的投资回报。本质上，问题是不同的商业智能功能如何影响商业智能的成功。研究表明，商业智能降低了在分析各种业务条件时使用直觉的能力。
商业智能允许合并范围广泛的数据，这些数据被转换成连贯的信息，为管理层的决策提供信息。这将从本质上提高所做出决策的合理性，从而增加投资回报。此外，商业智能已广泛用于减少不确定性和提高决策质量，在这种情况下，这将是一种 BI 功能。商业智能功能已被证明会对组织管理风险的能力产生影响。它允许企业通过监控业务实体的运营和财务状况以及通过警报、仪表板和关键绩效指标来管理或控制组织的运营来管理风险。
Moreover, business intelligence capabilities are known to eliminate the inaccuracies and inconsistencies in data,
thereby allowing business entities to make decisions based on correct information. Needless to say, inaccurate and inconsistent information would hamper the capacity of an organization to meet the expectations of customers or even maintain its competitiveness (Badr & Madden, 2006). Nevertheless, the technological capabilities pertaining to Business intelligence in the provision of timely, consistent and accurate information for its users would allow the business entity to enhance its agility. On the same note, flexibility of business intelligence have a bearing on the capacity of a business to compete in different situations and decision environments. While technology may not always be in support of exceptional situations, it is imperative that business entities incorporate the robust functionality and flexibility that would allow them to derive maximum potential from business intelligence. 商业essay论文代写
This would essentially involve issues such as the use of different non-conventional sources of data rather than the traditional ones like data warehouses, and analyzing the data so collected using varied categories of analytical tools. Indeed, the success of Business Intelligence initiatives depends on its capacity to use or allow for a certain extent of variation in technology, environment, as well as business processes. Scholars have underlined this fact by stating that the current business environment will always involve a high level of dynamism and change, in which case business entities should have the capacity to change their Business Intelligence quickly so as align themselves with the changing business environments, as well as enhance and retain their competitiveness (Badr & Madden, 2006).
译文：
此外，众所周知，商业智能功能可以消除数据中的不准确和不一致，
从而允许业务实体根据正确的信息做出决策。毋庸置疑，不准确和不一致的信息会妨碍组织满足客户期望甚至保持其竞争力的能力（Badr & Madden，2006 年）。尽管如此，与商业智能相关的技术能力在为其用户提供及时、一致和准确的信息方面将允许商业实体提高其敏捷性。同样，商业智能的灵活性与企业在不同情况和决策环境中的竞争能力有关。虽然技术可能并不总是支持特殊情况，但业务实体必须整合强大的功能和灵活性，使他们能够从商业智能中获得最大潜力。
这主要涉及诸如使用不同的非常规数据源而不是数据仓库等传统数据源，以及使用不同类别的分析工具分析如此收集的数据等问题。实际上，商业智能计划的成功取决于其使用或允许一定程度的技术、环境和业务流程变化的能力。学者们强调了这一事实，指出当前的商业环境总是涉及高度的活力和变化，在这种情况下，商业实体应该有能力快速改变他们的商业智能，以便与不断变化的商业环境保持一致，以及以增强和保持他们的竞争力（Badr & Madden，2006 年）。
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