MM32220: SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
商业计划书代写 A good business plan must have three criteria it is simple, accurate, and useful. It begins with defining the goals，
Entrepreneurs can bring together the resources required to start a new venture. What are the most important roles and functions required in starting a business?
Staring a new business can be challenging for many people particularly those who are oblivious of the resources that are required to start a new business. On the other hand, there are people called entrepreneurs who successfully start a new business every year. They spend a significant time collecting the resources that are entailed to start a new business. They spend a considerate amount of time raising capital, conducting marketing research and eventually they come up with a realistic and rational business plan.
They prepare meticulously which ameliorate their chances of success enormously. They begin with taking the account of the resources that are required which make them ready to meet the upcoming challenges.They begin with a business plan and make sure it is clear and accurate, not too restrictive and not too broad. A good business plan must have three criteria it is simple, accurate, and useful. It begins with defining the goals, it then determines objectives to reach those goals, then resources are evaluated and crucial decisions are made, then they pay heed to feasibility and financial viability. The mission, vision, goals, objectives, strategies and tasks are all defined in the business plan.
They consider five areas in their business plan which are industry, production or operations, marketing, personnel and financing. Absolute goals are then defined under each of these five areas for the business to be successful. Business plan is a comprehensive plan which is also a first role to play by an entrepreneur. Business plan has several components which can also be referred to as the functions of business plan. Following are the components of business plan.
- Mission statement
- Company background
- Product description
- Marketing plan
- Competitor analysis
- SWOT analysis
- Operations
- Financial planning
- Timeline
译文：
企业家可以汇集开始新企业所需的资源。创业过程中最重要的角色和职能是什么？ 商业计划书代写
对于许多人来说，开展新业务可能具有挑战性，尤其是那些不了解开展新业务所需资源的人。另一方面，每年都有成功创业的人称为企业家。他们花费大量时间收集开展新业务所需的资源。他们花费大量时间筹集资金，进行营销研究，最终他们提出了一个现实而合理的商业计划。
他们精心准备，极大地提高了成功的机会。他们首先考虑所需的资源，这些资源使他们准备好迎接即将到来的挑战。他们从业务计划开始，并确保它清晰准确，不会过于严格，也不会过于宽泛。一个好的商业计划必须具备三个标准：简单、准确和有用。它从定义目标开始，然后确定实现这些目标的目标，然后评估资源并做出关键决策，然后关注可行性和财务可行性。使命、愿景、目标、目的、战略和任务都在商业计划中定义。
他们在商业计划中考虑五个方面，即行业、生产或运营、营销、人员和融资。然后在这五个领域中的每一个领域下定义绝对目标，以使企业取得成功。商业计划书是一个综合性的计划，也是创业者首先要扮演的角色。商业计划书有几个组成部分，也可以称为商业计划书的功能。以下是商业计划的组成部分。
- 使命宣言
- 公司背景
- 产品描述
- 营销计划
- 竞争对手分析
- SWOT分析
- 操作
- 金融计划
- 时间线
All these functions of a business plan are important to start a new business.
The entrepreneur then forms a team of diverse skills and established areas of expertise. The team then work together by meeting regularly, organizing the activities, developing the idea and then carrying out research on the market and existing competitors. The team together brainstorm and utilize their communication skills effectively. They listen to everyone’s ideas. They consider the individual idea, make a list, rule out the irrational suggestions, create a shortlist and discuss it in detail and eventually they opt for the best option. The team of entrepreneurs makes sure that the notions they have chosen are credible, innovative, are supported by the evidence and analysis, are these ideas able to foster a brand and are the ideas plausible for their project.
The prospects they have to consider before starting a business are market potential, competitive advantage, required funding and other long-term prospects. The team of entrepreneurs evaluate the ideas and found the alternatives a Plan B, keeping a note of all the meetings. Then work is allocated equally. The management is carefully chosen to keep in view who they are what are their achievements? What are their aspirations and skills? The management then forms an organizational structure where responsibilities are allocated. In sales and marketing the size of the market, existing prospects, market share and barriers to entry are discussed. Before starting a new business target customers are identified and their loyalty and dependence are measured. The strengths and weaknesses of competitors are identified by the entrepreneurs. 商业计划书代写
They then form marketing strategies after considering the future developments and vulnerabilities.
The marketing strategies answer the basic questions of what and how? In marketing strategies, a team of entrepreneurs decides that how they are going to differentiate their product from their competitors. In marketing strategies, they demonstrate the market need, the knowledge of the market, competitors and customers. In production and operations process capacity is determined. An entrepreneur describes the process of making a product, its sensitivity and required capital. They also determine whether the resources are sufficient or not. While governing the production and operations the entrepreneurs ensure the adequacy and capacity of plant and machinery, and labor.
Collecting the financial information is also a substantial role to perform before starting a new business by an entrepreneur. While analyzing the financial information the entrepreneur analyzes the past results make assumptions, predicts profit and loss, analyze cash flow as well as a balance sheet. They conduct sensitive analysis, one of the most important functions of financial analysis. Some other key functions of financial analysis are break even, ratio analysis, calculations, and stating any economic assumptions.
译文：
商业计划书的所有这些功能对于开展新业务都很重要。 商业计划书代写
然后，企业家组建了一个拥有多种技能和既定专业领域的团队。然后，团队通过定期开会、组织活动、开发想法以及对市场和现有竞争对手进行研究来共同合作。团队一起集思广益，有效地利用他们的沟通技巧。他们倾听每个人的想法。他们考虑个人想法，列出清单，排除不合理的建议，创建候选清单并详细讨论，最终选择最佳选项。企业家团队确保他们选择的概念是可信的、创新的，有证据和分析支持，这些想法是否能够培养品牌，并且这些想法对于他们的项目来说是否合理。
他们在创业之前必须考虑的前景是市场潜力、竞争优势、所需资金和其他长期前景。企业家团队评估这些想法并找到了备选方案 B 计划，并记录了所有会议。然后平均分配工作。管理人员是精心挑选的，以了解他们是谁，他们有什么成就？他们的志向和技能是什么？然后，管理层形成一个组织结构，在其中分配职责。在销售和营销中，讨论了市场规模、现有前景、市场份额和进入壁垒。在开始一项新业务之前，确定目标客户并衡量他们的忠诚度和依赖性。竞争对手的优势和劣势由企业家确定。
然后，他们在考虑未来的发展和弱点后制定营销策略。
营销策略回答什么和如何做的基本问题？在营销策略中，企业家团队决定如何将他们的产品与竞争对手区分开来。在营销策略中，他们展示了市场需求、市场知识、竞争对手和客户。在生产经营过程中能力是确定的。企业家描述了制造产品的过程、敏感性和所需的资金。他们还确定资源是否充足。在管理生产和经营的同时，企业家确保工厂和机器以及劳动力的充足和能力。
收集财务信息也是企业家在开始新业务之前要发挥的重要作用。在分析财务信息时，企业家分析过去的结果做出假设、预测损益、分析现金流量以及资产负债表。他们进行敏感分析，这是财务分析最重要的功能之一。财务分析的其他一些关键功能是收支平衡、比率分析、计算和陈述任何经济假设。
Profit and loss are predicted by an entrepreneur by calculating the revenues, the material they are going to use in production, the wages of the employees, cost of distribution, overheads and director remunerations.
Overheads include rent, rates electricity and other utility bills, maintenance, fixed overheads, interest payments, advertising and depreciation cost. Moreover, the balance sheet is formed by the entrepreneur and his team to record the daily accounts. The balance sheet involves net current assets, net assets, share capital and retained loss and profit. The problems entrepreneur might face while starting a new business are lack of profound strategies, financial assumptions, and specific management expertise.
The following factors, roles and functions ensure the successful start of the new business such as highly experienced and efficient management, team highly pertinent and diversified skill set, a sustainable business model with a competitive edge, opportunities for business expansion, extraction of value through trade, flotation and sale and highlighted risks along with strategies to rule them out. The entrepreneur has to make sure if the business is attractive to the potential stakeholders including customers, investors and employees (New Business Development Project).
Managing finance is one of the most imperative functions performed by an entrepreneur and his team for the successful start of a small business. They have to ensure that they will have sufficient cash flow during the initial stage of the business to meet their fixed cost such as paying the utility bills and rent etc. They have to ensure that they will have sufficient profits to support their growth at the initial level. They have to ensure that they will be able to maintain a positive balance sheet. All these calculations and predictions help an entrepreneur to start a small business (Fuller-Love).
译文：
企业家通过计算收入、他们将在生产中使用的材料、员工的工资、分销成本、管理费用和董事薪酬来预测盈亏。 商业计划书代写
管理费用包括租金、电费和其他水电费、维护、固定管理费用、利息支付、广告和折旧成本。此外，资产负债表是由企业家和他的团队形成的，用于记录日常账目。资产负债表涉及净流动资产、净资产、股本和留存损益。创业者在创业时可能面临的问题是缺乏深刻的战略、财务假设和特定的管理专业知识。
以下因素、角色和职能确保新业务的成功启动，例如经验丰富且高效的管理、团队高度相关和多元化的技能、具有竞争优势的可持续商业模式、业务扩展机会、通过贸易提取价值、上市和出售，并强调风险以及排除风险的策略。企业家必须确保企业对包括客户、投资者和员工在内的潜在利益相关者是否有吸引力（新业务发展项目）。
管理财务是企业家及其团队为成功创办小企业而执行的最重要的职能之一。他们必须确保在业务的初始阶段有足够的现金流来支付他们的固定成本，例如支付水电费和租金等。他们必须确保他们有足够的利润来支持他们最初的增长等级。他们必须确保他们能够保持积极的资产负债表。所有这些计算和预测都有助于企业家创办一家小型企业（Fuller-Love）。
Entrepreneurial marketing strategies are often based on a low or non-existent budget. Identify some of the approaches to marketing in a new business and discuss why developing a brand may be important.
Marketing strategies of new small businesses are always innovation-oriented. They are based on bottom-up strategies. The marketing strategies encourage interactive marketing and information gathering through informal networking. Shaw and Collinson (2001) have characterized entrepreneurial marketing by quick response to market changes, ability to forecast the upcoming changes in the customer needs and informal market research. Informal market research is done by collecting useful information regarding the customer requirement regularly. This information is collected not only from their customers but also from their suppliers, competitors and professional business advisors.
Meanwhile, as businesses grow they encounter several marketing issues. As the new business expand the owner of the business start pursuing more formal strategies than informal strategies. During the initial development stages of the small businesses, they probably rely more on the small group of customers depending upon the type of business. Thus, relying on a small group of customers make them vulnerable as they are likely to face overwhelmingly detrimental effects if their small customer base is lots. Thereby, the marketing approach for new businesses should avoid relying on a small customer base. 商业计划书代写
Stroke (2000) stated that entrepreneurs often over-rely on limited customers, they have limited marketing skills, they mostly depict unplanned and variable marketing efforts, they also rely on intuitive customer needs rather than conducting comprehensive marketing research, they do not target customers instead their customers are self-selected, moreover, they do not consider the aspects of the marketing mix. Entrepreneurs’ marketing strategy focuses on sales and promotion, developing the customer relationships, prices and destabilizing the competition which stirs financial issues. Entrepreneurs when starting a new business they rely on informal marketing techniques which is a low-budget technique such as mouth recommendation. They prefer to foster a new product or a service rather than finding new customers.
译文：
创业营销策略通常基于低预算或不存在的预算。确定新业务中的一些营销方法，并讨论为什么开发品牌可能很重要。 商业计划书代写
新小型企业的营销策略始终以创新为导向。它们基于自下而上的策略。营销策略鼓励通过非正式网络进行互动营销和信息收集。 Shaw 和 Collinson（2001）通过对市场变化的快速反应、预测即将到来的客户需求变化的能力和非正式的市场研究来描述创业营销。非正式的市场调查是通过定期收集有关客户需求的有用信息来完成的。这些信息不仅从他们的客户那里收集，而且从他们的供应商、竞争对手和专业商业顾问那里收集。
与此同时，随着企业的发展，他们遇到了几个营销问题。随着新业务的扩展，业务所有者开始追求比非正式战略更正式的战略。在小企业的初始发展阶段，他们可能更多地依赖于小客户群，具体取决于业务类型。因此，依赖一小群客户会使他们变得脆弱，因为如果他们的小客户群很多，他们可能会面临压倒性的不利影响。因此，新业务的营销方法应避免依赖小客户群。
Stroke (2000) 指出，企业家往往过度依赖有限的客户，他们的营销技巧有限，他们大多描绘了无计划和可变的营销努力，他们也依赖直观的客户需求而不是进行全面的营销研究，而不是针对客户他们的客户是自己选择的，而且他们没有考虑营销组合的各个方面。企业家的营销策略侧重于销售和促销、发展客户关系、价格以及破坏引发财务问题的竞争。企业家在开始一项新业务时，他们依靠非正式的营销技术，这是一种低成本的技术，例如嘴巴推荐。他们更喜欢培育新产品或服务，而不是寻找新客户。
Some key marketing strategies of new businesses are
Innovation oriented:
The entrepreneur focuses on creating a new product and then finds a customer for it. For instance, Dyson. This approach is usually considered high cost due to lack of proper experience. The demand for such innovative products is also unpredictable. The competition for innovative products is always unknown. Product loyalty is also unpredictable in the case of innovative products in new businesses.
Bottom-Up:
entrepreneur develops limited customer base. For instance, any local restaurant or takeaway. In the bottom-up marketing approach, an entrepreneur relies on his gut feeling rather than formal market research. As the customer base is small so the customer focuses on meeting their needs. This strategy is always cost-effective as it is flexible in nature and entails fewer resources. As the entrepreneur keeps on satisfying the needs of his customers the chances of success increases for a business. This approach is difficult to sustain in the long term as it is reactive rather than proactive.
Word of Mouth:
They starkly rely on the recommendations by others. This marketing approach is effective enough to have a substantial influence on customer’s behavior. It is another low-cost approach that enables the entrepreneur to expand the business gradually. However, opting for this approach makes it difficult for an entrepreneur to curb the message. In this approach, entrepreneurs meet their customers individually and try to build a strong relationship. Those customers further spread the message through word of mouth to other customers. It involves personal recommendations.
Niche market:
They Identify a small market where large firms do not enter. Entrepreneurs use this approach to identify a loophole in the market and then create barriers to entry by fostering customer loyalty.
Product Life Cycle:
They relentlessly focus on developing new products and services despite the fact that their new products may have a limited market. This approach is based on the different stages in the product’s life. The first stage is an introductory stage, then comes to take off stage or growth, which is proceeded by maturity and slow down, then come product extension, in the end, there is product decline.
Diversification:
They perpetually focus on diversification by developing new products and services. They also believe in market diversification.
译文：
新业务的一些关键营销策略是
创新导向：
企业家专注于创造新产品，然后为其寻找客户。比如戴森。由于缺乏适当的经验，这种方法通常被认为成本高。对此类创新产品的需求也是不可预测的。创新产品的竞争总是未知的。在新业务中的创新产品的情况下，产品忠诚度也是不可预测的。
自下而上：
企业家开发的客户群有限。例如，任何当地餐馆或外卖。在自下而上的营销方法中，企业家依赖于他的直觉而不是正式的市场调查。由于客户群很小，因此客户专注于满足他们的需求。这种策略总是具有成本效益，因为它本质上是灵活的并且需要更少的资源。随着企业家不断满足客户的需求，企业成功的机会就会增加。这种方法难以长期维持，因为它是被动的而不是主动的。
口口相传：
他们完全依赖他人的建议。这种营销方法足够有效，可以对客户的行为产生重大影响。这是另一种使企业家能够逐步扩展业务的低成本方法。但是，选择这种方法会使企业家难以抑制信息。在这种方法中，企业家单独会见他们的客户并尝试建立牢固的关系。这些客户通过口耳相传将信息进一步传播给其他客户。它涉及个人建议。
利基市场：
他们确定了一个大公司不进入的小市场。企业家使用这种方法来发现市场中的漏洞，然后通过培养客户忠诚度来制造进入壁垒。
产品生命周期：
尽管他们的新产品可能市场有限，但他们坚持不懈地专注于开发新产品和服务。这种方法基于产品生命周期的不同阶段。第一阶段是入门阶段，然后是起飞阶段或成长阶段，然后是成熟和放缓，然后是产品延伸，最后是产品衰退。
多样化：
他们通过开发新产品和服务始终专注于多元化。他们还相信市场多元化。
Developing a brand is important in a new business as a brand is an essential way to represents your business.
It posits the promise new businesses made to the customer. Brand helps an entrepreneur to create clarity and help them to stay focused perpetually. Moreover, while making an individual interaction with the customer, a brand helps an entrepreneur to connect with their customers emotionally. Developing is important to create business value. A brand is a business identity. For instance, Innocent smoothies developed a brand because the company realized that they are responsible to reflect innocence in their business. So, the brand builds credibility and identity in the market for new business. A brand is a business name that tells people who you are, what you do and how you do.
Furthermore, in order to create a successful brand, new businesses have to maintain the quality which will allow them to justify their high prices initially.
Brand makes it difficult for the competitors to copy the product. Brand makes the customer think about the product again and again. It stays in the customer’s mind for a while. Brand makes it easier for new businesses to launch more products or services (Strategy Marketing Agency, n.d.). Brand brings an advantage for an entrepreneur as he has to spend less time on promotion once the brand is established. This creating a brand is one of the most crucial marketing strategies.
New businesses greatly rely on branding along with other marketing approaches discussed above. Branding could also be low cost depends upon the services an entrepreneur likes to avail. Brand is a way to communicate to their customers, it imparts the values of the business and builds a strong connection in the market with the customers (Fuller-Love, Marketing in a small business). Branding being an essential part of the business is beneficial in a long term. Branding as a marketing strategy is being widely used by new businesses across the world.
译文：
发展品牌在新业务中很重要，因为品牌是代表您的业务的重要方式。 商业计划书代写
它假定了新业务对客户的承诺。品牌帮助企业家创造清晰度并帮助他们永远保持专注。此外，在与客户进行个人互动的同时，品牌还可以帮助企业家在情感上与客户建立联系。发展对于创造商业价值很重要。品牌是一种商业身份。例如，Innocent Smoothies 开发了一个品牌，因为公司意识到他们有责任在他们的业务中体现纯真。因此，该品牌在新业务的市场中建立了信誉和身份。品牌是一个企业名称，它告诉人们您是谁、您做什么以及您如何做。
此外，为了创造一个成功的品牌，新企业必须保持质量，这将使他们能够证明他们最初的高价是合理的。 商业计划书代写
品牌使竞争对手难以复制产品。品牌让顾客一次又一次地思考产品。它会在客户的脑海中停留一段时间。品牌使新企业更容易推出更多产品或服务（战略营销机构，未注明日期）。品牌为企业家带来了优势，因为一旦品牌建立，他就不必花更少的时间进行宣传。创建品牌是最重要的营销策略之一。
新业务极大地依赖于品牌以及上述其他营销方法。品牌塑造也可能是低成本的，这取决于企业家喜欢利用的服务。品牌是与客户沟通的一种方式，它传达了企业的价值，并在市场上与客户建立了牢固的联系（Fuller-Love，小型企业营销）。从长远来看，品牌作为业务的重要组成部分是有益的。品牌作为一种营销策略正被世界各地的新企业广泛使用。
References
Fuller-Love, N. (n.d.). Managing the Finances.
Fuller-Love, N. (n.d.). Marketing in a small business.
Strategy Marketing Agency . (n.d.). WHY IS BRANDING IMPORTANT? Retrieved from https://strategynewmedia.com/why-is-branding-important/#:~:text=Your%20brand%20represents%20you%20and,brand%20provides%20your%20business%20value.
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