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哲学论文代写 Voluntarism and intellectualism are the two extremes dimensions to which ancient philosophers viewed nature or articulated their theories.
Robert Boyle: Voluntarist or Intellectualist
Voluntarism and intellectualism are the two extremes dimensions to which ancient philosophers viewed nature or articulated their theories. Being a voluntarist mean subscribing to the will as opposed to intellectualist who subscribe to human thinking superiority. According to Matthew (p. 109), Robert Boyle was a proponent of corpuscularian philosophy which widely criticized Aristotle’s view of nature. In this regard, Boyle supported voluntarism philosophy of nature and human life.哲学论文代写
The corpuscular or the mechanical hypothesis of nature disputed the intelligible argument by Aristotle’s doctrine that matter is made up of fire, earth, water, and air. On the contrary, he provided the properties of matter in which small particle are the basic units. Boyle also suggested that these small particles exist in random motion that makes the matter transform into other forms (Matthew, p. 113). The argument poked holes on Aristotle theory that were based on assumptions but not facts from nature.
译文：
罗伯特·博伊尔：自愿者或知识分子 哲学论文代写
自愿主义和理智主义是古代哲学家看待自然或阐述其理论的两个极端维度。成为自愿主义者意味着服从意志，而不是赞同人类思维优越性的知识分子。根据马修 (p. 109) 的说法，罗伯特·波义耳 (Robert Boyle) 是微粒哲学的支持者，该哲学广泛批评了亚里士多德的自然观。在这方面，波义耳支持自然和人类生活的自愿主义哲学。
自然界的微粒假说或机械假说对亚里士多德关于物质由火、土、水和空气组成的学说提出的合理论证提出异议。相反，他提供了以小粒子为基本单位的物质特性。博伊尔还提出，这些小粒子以随机运动的形式存在，使物质转变为其他形式（马修，第 113 页）。这个论点在亚里士多德的理论中戳出了漏洞，这些理论基于假设而不是来自自然的事实。
Boyle was a believer in ethics and theology.
As a natural philosopher, he theologized nature and thus bridged the gap between science and philosophy. Most of his arguments were connected to the divine existence of nature where God is the central controller and creator of the universe. Thus, creating a diversion in previous philosophies about nature which were purely based on human knowledge rather than nature.哲学论文代写
Boyle believes that nature exists through God and thus should be interpreted and learned as it exists and believes in corpuscularian philosophy. His believe in social ethics and theology depict him as voluntarist as opposed to intellectualist.
On the other hand, Kepler dedicated his life to studying the universe particularly the sun and Mars. He committed to research to get the truth about nature rather than depending on his understanding and assumptions like Aristotle. Using Tycho data and systems, Kepler became motivated to study nature (Dewitt p. 1). Therefore, he neither made intellectual assumptions and nor did he follow existing intellectual theories and philosophies about nature, but choose to understand the universe independently, Kepler was a voluntarist.
译文：
博伊尔是伦理学和神学的信徒。 哲学论文代写
作为自然哲学家，他将自然神学化，从而弥合了科学与哲学之间的鸿沟。他的大部分论点都与大自然的神圣存在有关，在那里上帝是宇宙的中央控制者和创造者。因此，在以前纯粹基于人类知识而非自然的关于自然的哲学中创造了一种转移。
博伊尔相信自然是通过上帝而存在的，因此应该按照它的存在来解释和学习，并相信微粒哲学。他对社会伦理和神学的信仰将他描述为自愿主义者，而不是知识分子。
另一方面，开普勒毕生致力于研究宇宙，尤其是太阳和火星。他致力于研究以获得关于自然的真相，而不是像亚里士多德那样依赖于他的理解和假设。使用第谷数据和系统，开普勒开始研究自然（德威特第 1 页）。因此，开普勒既不作智力假设，也不遵循现有的关于自然的智力理论和哲学，而是选择独立认识宇宙，开普勒是一个自愿主义者。
Work Cited 哲学论文代写
Dewitt. “Kepler’s System.” Pp. 1-6.
Matthew. “Boyle.” Pp. 109-123.
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