Development Planning and Transport Assessment
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发展规划essay代写 The travel plan for the Edinburgh area is the realignment of the BE and the FH roads over long lengths to accommodate all the traffics.
Introduction
The transport Assessments is a process that covers all the modes of transport from a person-trip perspective, while emphasizing on walking, cycling and also the public transport.
Transport Assessment helps in the provision of enough information for municipal to understand how the proposed development the area is likely to function in transport terms.
The aim of the project is also to completing the motorway network with the benefits of greatly reducing the unnecessary congestion and safer, quicker journey (Small, 2008).
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介绍 发展规划essay代写
交通评估是一个从个人旅行的角度涵盖所有交通方式的过程，同时强调步行、骑自行车和公共交通。
交通评估有助于为市政提供足够的信息，以了解该地区拟建的开发项目在交通方面的功能。
该项目的目的还在于完善高速公路网络，从而大大减少不必要的拥堵和更安全、更快捷的旅程（Small，2008 年）。
Description of the existing site
The information of the Edinburgh area is given as follows; the site is eleven thousand four hundred (11,400) square metres of vacant brownfield land shown in the picture below here. Its boundaries are Fountain Bridge on the north, Edinburgh Quay on the east, the Union Canal on the south and a vacant brownfield site on the west (Needham, 2006). Pedestrian and vehicular access is from Fountain Bridge and from the recently formed access road to Edinburgh Quay, which is on the east side of the site. The site was previously part of the old Fountain Brewery. The information in the site is provided to us to help us carry the course work effectively (Levinson & Kumar, 1994).
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现有站点的描述 发展规划essay代写
爱丁堡地区信息如下； 该场地是如下图所示的一万一千四百 (11,400) 平方米的空置棕地。 它的边界是北边的喷泉桥、东边的爱丁堡码头、南边的联合运河和西边的一块空地（Needham，2006）。 行人和车辆可从喷泉桥和最近形成的通往位于场地东侧的爱丁堡码头的通道进入。 该站点以前是旧喷泉啤酒厂的一部分。 网站上的信息提供给我们是为了帮助我们有效地开展课程工作 (Levinson & Kumar, 1994)。
A description of the development proposed, including the layout of the site
Looking at the re-drawn site, the measures needed to identify the choice of access particularly by non-car modes, including the improvements or modifications to pedestrian access via the pavements along the BE, AF roads. It is also to provide a good access by the cyclists and to make the public transport also much easier. The re-drawn site is intended to touch clearly on all the appropriate and required information in a simpler way (Evans, 2006). 发展规划essay代写
Based on this development and assessment of the area, it is proposed that the support for the sector should include the following three interrelated phases:
The phase one is going to involve the preparation of an in-depth sector assessment. There’s need for a strategy, and the road map to further strengthen the understanding of the transport needs. Challenges, and constraints of the area and to the identification of—in partnership with the government—priority areas for any necessary support that would be needed, are also needed (Voorhees, 1995).
The second phase will involve the provision of the necessary technical help that encompasses policy advisory, as well as planning capacity building done to institutions and studies prior to feasibility studies.
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对拟议开发项目的描述，包括场地布局 发展规划essay代写
查看重新绘制的场地，需要采取哪些措施来确定非汽车模式的通道选择，包括改善或修改沿 BE、AF 道路的人行道的行人通道。它还为骑自行车的人提供良好的通道，并使公共交通也更加方便。重新绘制的站点旨在以更简单的方式清楚地触及所有适当和必需的信息（Evans，2006）。
根据该地区的发展和评估，建议对该行业的支持应包括以下三个相互关联的阶段：
第一阶段将涉及准备深入的行业评估。需要制定战略和路线图以进一步加强对运输需求的了解。该地区的挑战和限制以及与政府合作确定优先领域以获得任何必要的支持也是必要的（Voorhees，1995）。
第二阶段将涉及提供必要的技术帮助，包括政策咨询，以及在可行性研究之前对机构和研究进行的能力建设规划。
The technical assistance in these areas will be the first step toward restructuring and strengthening the project sector, and recasting the responsibilities among the different ministries in the country.
The phase three which is the final phase is going to look at the preparation, financing, and implementation of the infrastructure investment projects to conform to the requirements. 发展规划essay代写
For real, the second and third phases will take after the side to side approaches. It will aid in making sure that capacities of institutions are aligned with the requirements to prepare and implement the proposed project development projects efficiently and effectively. The only way to achieve all these is the alignment. Alignment beginning with the first set of investment in transport related projects will be selected on the basis of their ability to deliver the priority development outputs quickly. Also, it is believed to be understandable by all. The incorporation consists of simple project designs and straight forward implementation procedures. Such have no major negative impacts on resettlement, environment, and ethnic minorities (Ovenden, 2007).
译文：
这些领域的技术援助将是重组和加强项目部门、重新制定国家不同部门之间职责的第一步。
第三阶段是最后阶段，将检查基础设施投资项目的准备、融资和实施是否符合要求。
实际上，第二和第三阶段将在左右接近之后进行。它将有助于确保机构的能力与有效和有效地准备和实施拟议的项目开发项目的要求保持一致。实现所有这些的唯一方法是对齐。将根据其快速交付优先发展产出的能力来选择与交通相关项目的第一批投资的匹配。另外，相信大家都能理解。该公司包括简单的项目设计和直接的实施程序。这对移民安置、环境和少数民族没有重大的负面影响（Ovenden，2007）。
To describe current public transport, including cycling and walking access
The matters of the access must be taken seriously for a better development in the area.
The area as shown below in drawing provides the necessary access by the public transport, personal cars, and cyclists and also by foot and other means too.发展规划essay代写
The pavements along the roads are designed to provide a good access into the area to pedestrians. The cyclist will majorly be using the BF option to avoid the congestion to the public transport roads (Stewart, 1997).
The parking is also provided mainly by the roadsides and designed to meet all the necessary requirements of the area and to the local authority.
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描述当前的公共交通，包括骑自行车和步行 发展规划essay代写
为了该地区的更好发展，必须认真对待访问问题。
下图所示区域为公共交通工具、私家车和骑自行车者以及步行和其他方式提供了必要的通道。
道路沿线的人行道旨在为行人提供进入该地区的良好通道。 骑自行车的人将主要使用 BF 选项来避免公共交通道路的拥堵（Stewart，1997）。
停车场也主要由路边提供，旨在满足该地区和地方当局的所有必要要求。
Public transport
The buses and a rapid transit which is an automated rapid transit system is proposed to be used in the area
A rapid transit railway system (also called a metro, underground, or subway) will be used to operate in the urban areas with high capacity and frequency. It will also be used in the grade separation from other traffic (Whitaker & West, 1998). 发展规划essay代写
The transport systems can transport large amounts of people very quickly and over short distances with little land use. The variations of this rapid transit contain altogether the people movers, small-scale light metro and the rail used for commuter hybrid S-Bahn (Newman & Jeffrey, 1999).
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公共交通 发展规划essay代写
拟在该地区使用公交车和快速公交系统，即自动快速公交系统
高速铁路系统（也称为地铁、地下或地铁）将用于高容量和高频率的市区运营。 它也将用于与其他交通的坡度分离（Whitaker & West，1998）。
运输系统可以非常快速地短距离运输大量人员，而土地使用量很少。 这种快速交通的变体总共包含了人员流动、小型轻型地铁和用于通勤混合 S-Bahn 的铁路 (Newman & Jeffrey, 1999)。
Buses
The buses are going to provide services on major roads in urban and suburban area as this is the most common type of public transport. It can transport multitudes into cities and towns or from the suburbs to highly populated areas.
The bus services are going to organize often on a network basis centred in the urban centre of a town. It may also pass across the city, and may involve the universal liveries, or specific route branded buses (Hess, 2007). 发展规划essay代写
The predominant bus type to use on these services is the transit bus, which is also referred to in this context as a commuter bus or city bus. Where the longer distance services get discharged, the dual purpose buses and minimally appointed coaches may be encouraged (Barnes & Davis, 2000).发展规划essay代写
These bus services are going to complement the tram, rapid transit or urban rail systems. The program will be run concurrently with other modes of transport interchangeably. It will also make use of the on-street bus stops and stations.
The night bus services take implementation in the urban areas. It will take the course for the smooth operations covering the last services in the evening and first services that follow in the morning. It will serve the nighttime economy by easing the congestion in the various roads (Stewart, 2004).
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巴士 发展规划essay代写
公共汽车将在城市和郊区的主要道路上提供服务，因为这是最常见的公共交通类型。它可以将大量人员运送到城镇或从郊区运送到人口稠密的地区。
巴士服务将经常以城市中心为中心，以网络为基础组织起来。它也可能穿过城市，并且可能涉及通用制服或特定路线的品牌巴士（Hess，2007）。
用于这些服务的主要巴士类型是公交巴士，在此上下文中也称为通勤巴士或城市巴士。在长途服务得到释放的地方，可以鼓励使用两用巴士和最少指定的教练（Barnes & Davis，2000）。
这些巴士服务将补充有轨电车、快速交通或城市轨道系统。该计划将与其他交通方式交替运行。它还将利用街上的公交车站和车站。
夜班车服务在市区实施。它将为顺利运营包括晚上的最后一次服务和早上的第一次服务提供课程。它将通过缓解各条道路的拥堵来为夜间经济服务（Stewart，2004）。
The introduction of a night bus network will require the management to use a more known route network which is very basic for a bus service which is not that frequent.
The areas that show a tendency to be so busy may not be facilitated with a network of a night bus. However, it is because of a 24-hour that such a route might have a night bus (FHWA, 2011).
The introduction of the express bus services is mainly aimed at providing much faster services. This saves pretty more time as these buses are those that move faster than how the normal buses do move. They achieve this by minimizing on the number of stop-services they make. They also do so by moving on such faster roads as freeways but not on slower local roads. 发展规划essay代写
These services may be complementary in the length to these of the normal bus routes of the city. The services can, therefore, decide to use similar buses that ply the city, though with a different route. Longer interurban bus services can also be used. It is also very important to provide a park and the ride services since these services are made specifically to give an onward journey to the passengers coming from the parking lots. The buses to give such services may be referred to as shuttles, express service buses or standard bus network service (Heanue & Pyers, 1996). 发展规划essay代写
The other program of the feeder bus services is mainly intended to pick-up passengers specifically from a given locality. They then take the passengers to another onward journey on a service referred to as a trunk service. (The London Omnibus, 2011).
Access arrangements, for different modes of transport
译文：
夜间巴士网络的引入将要求管理层使用更广为人知的路线网络，这对于不那么频繁的巴士服务来说是非常基础的。
夜间巴士网络可能无法为那些表现出如此繁忙趋势的地区提供便利。然而，正是因为 24 小时，这样的路线才有可能有夜间巴士（FHWA，2011）。
高速巴士服务的推出主要是为了提供更快的服务。这可以节省更多的时间，因为这些公交车的移动速度比普通公交车的移动速度快。他们通过最大限度地减少停止服务的数量来实现这一目标。他们还通过在高速公路等更快的道路上行驶而不是在较慢的地方道路上行驶来实现这一目标。
这些服务在长度上可能与城市的普通巴士路线互补。因此，这些服务可以决定使用在城市中穿梭的类似巴士，但路线不同。也可以使用更长的城际巴士服务。提供停车和乘车服务也非常重要，因为这些服务是专门为来自停车场的乘客提供继续旅程的。提供此类服务的巴士可称为穿梭巴士、特快巴士或标准巴士网络服务 (Heanue & Pyers, 1996)。
接驳巴士服务的另一个计划主要是专门从特定地点接载乘客。然后，他们将乘客带到另一个称为干线服务的服务中。 （伦敦综合，2011 年）。
Car parking provision (based on local car parking standards) 发展规划essay代写
The buses using this route need to access the CBD using route A and turn to B then D. However, the optional routes LJ or LH can also be used. The routes through GH as well can be used by vehicles passing around this area.
Those who use the buildings around BD will be able to use the BD car parks; the buses must not also enter car parks or park on grass verges.
Public transports are greatly recommended when visiting the area to avoid the inconveniences of having to look for the parking spaces which may not always be enough especially at the peak hours (Levinson & Kumar, 1995). 发展规划essay代写
Those people who may wish to park their personal cars will have to part with some cash in terms of the payments to the authorities concerned. The phone number to be called and the charging rates should be made known to all the persons who may at one time or the other be interested in car parking. The permit for parking can also be obtained and will always be renewed after some duration.
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提供停车场（根据当地停车场标准）
使用此路线的巴士需要使用路线 A 进入中央商务区，然后转 B 然后转 D。但是，也可以使用可选路线 LJ 或 LH。通过 GH 的路线也可供经过该区域的车辆使用。
使用 BD 周边建筑物的人将可以使用 BD 停车场；公共汽车也不得进入停车场或停在草地上。
在访问该地区时，强烈建议使用公共交通工具，以避免不得不寻找停车位的不便，尤其是在高峰时段（Levinson & Kumar，1995）。
那些可能希望停放私人汽车的人将不得不支付一些现金以支付给有关当局的费用。应将要拨打的电话号码和收费标准告知所有可能在某一时间或另一时间对停车场感兴趣的人。也可以获得停车许可证，并且会在一段时间后更新。
Once the necessary payments are made, the person will be granted the opportunity of parking anywhere that pleases him or her.
The parking rates also vary from place to place and also for the different duration the car or any other automobile is parked.
Trip generation and modal split if you did not have any measures to influence the way that people travel to work. Ways to influence how people get to work to keep down reliance on the personal car; and how many car trips you think will be generated. As a result. 发展规划essay代写
Trip generation is always the first-step transport processes like the transport forecasting, trip distribution, model choice and also the route assignment. The trip generation will be used to predict the number of origin trips made or their destinations (Florian, et al., 2005).
The Edinburgh area is eleven thousand four hundred (11400) square metres and the trip destinations per acre of land is, therefore, as tabulated bellow.
| Table: Trip Destinations per unit (Acre) of the Edinburgh Land | ||||
| Ring | Manufacturing | Commercial | Open Space | etc. |
| A | X1m | X1c | etc. | |
| . | . | . | . | |
| . | . | . | . | |
| L | x7m | x7c | etc. | |
It is clear there will be a lot of land for commercial uses, the acres of each the land use is multiplied by a specific destination rate of the ring.
The statistical regression is used to generate the analysis of the residential trip. The examples are the Person, transit, walking, and auto trips per unit of time which are put on the variables regressions (Boyce et al., 1994).
| Table: Trips per day | |
| Land Use Type | Trips |
| The offices | X |
| Trans lodge hotels | Y |
| Residential units | z |
| etc | |
The formula
Or is used.
Things like the location, competitors, complements, the cost of transportation and many other important factors must be considered. A non-statistically significant sample is used in the observation of these.
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一旦完成必要的付款，此人将有机会在他或她喜欢的任何地方停车。
停车费也因地方而异，也因汽车或任何其他汽车的停放时间而异。
如果您没有采取任何措施来影响人们上班的出行方式，那就是出行生成和出行方式拆分。影响人们上班方式以减少对私人汽车的依赖的方法；以及您认为会产生多少汽车旅行。其结果。
行程生成始终是运输预测、行程分配、模型选择以及路线分配等运输过程的第一步。出行生成将用于预测始发地出行次数或其目的地（弗洛里安等人，2005 年）。
爱丁堡面积为一万一千四百 (11400) 平方米，因此，每英亩土地的旅行目的地如下表所示。
| 表：爱丁堡土地每单位（英亩）的旅行目的地 | ||||
| 环 | 制造 | 商业 | 开放空间 | 等 |
| A | X1m | X1c | etc. | |
| . | . | . | . | |
| . | . | . | . | |
| L | x7m | x7c | etc. | |
很明显会有很多土地用于商业用途，每块土地用途的英亩数乘以一个特定的目的地环比率。
统计回归用于生成住宅旅行的分析。例子是每单位时间的人、交通、步行和汽车旅行，它们被放在变量回归上（Boyce 等，1994）。
| 表：每天的旅行次数 | |
| 土地利用类型 | 旅行 |
| 办公室 | X |
| 跨旅馆 | Y |
| 住宅单位 | z |
| etc | |
或者使用。
必须考虑诸如位置、竞争对手、互补品、运输成本和许多其他重要因素之类的事情。非统计显着性样本用于观察这些。
Targets for modal split and how it can be achieved.
Roads still are considered to take the largest share among the inland transport modes in Edinburgh goods transport performance. The transport accounts for a greater percentage of roads. 发展规划essay代写
The modal split which is used in this project draws is basics from the total inland freight transport performance expressed in tonne-kilometres. Complying with the relevant Edinburgh legal acts, data on roads and inland waterways are reported according to the accepted principles.
The data referring to road transport in Edinburgh have been adjusted to reflect on which area the transport took place, regardless of who performed this transport.
Approximate likely distribution of trips to/from the development on the local network. This may require you to obtain census data to work out populations in different zones; this data is downloadable from the National Statistics website, or your organisation may already have such data.
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模态拆分的目标以及如何实现。
在爱丁堡货物运输表现中，公路仍然被认为在内陆运输方式中所占份额最大。 交通在公路中所占的比例更大。
本项目中使用的模式划分是从以吨公里表示的总内陆货运性能中提取的基础知识。 遵守爱丁堡的相关法律法规，道路和内河航道的数据按照公认的原则进行报告。
爱丁堡公路运输的数据已经过调整，以反映运输发生在哪个区域，无论是谁进行运输。
本地网络上往/返开发项目的大致可能分布。 这可能需要您获取人口普查数据以计算不同区域的人口； 此数据可从国家统计网站下载，或者您的组织可能已经拥有此类数据。
Trip distribution in the area is tabulated bellow.
| Table: Illustrative trip table | ||||
| Origin \ Destination | 1 | 2 | 3 | Z |
| 1 | T11 | T12 | T13 | T1Z |
| 2 | T21 | |||
| 3 | T31 | |||
| Z | TZ1 | TZZ | ||
Where: T ij = trips from origin i to destination j.
The distribution of work trip is then generated the way that travel demand models understand how people take jobs using the below mathematical formula.
Where:
= Trips between origin iand destination j 发展规划essay代写
= Trips originating at i
= Trips destined for j
= travel cost between iand j
= balancing factors solved iteratively. 
= distance decay factor, just like is found in the accessibility model
It is clearly shown how it is doubly constrained in such a way that, for each i, the number of trips will be predicted by the model. It is equated to the actual trip numbers that are achieved from i. Still looking at it the other way, the number of trips associated to j as predicted by the model, will always be equal to the actual number of trips to j for each j.
Junctions “in scope” of the development and the congestion levels at the junctions. It should therefore be used only to the description of the junctions. The most noticed critical movement at the junction and long queue lengths should not be there.
译文：
该地区的行程分布如下表所示。
表：说明性行程表 发展规划essay代写
| 表：说明性行程表 | ||||
| 始发地\目的地 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Z |
| 1 | T11 | T12 | T13 | T1Z |
| 2 | T21 | |||
| 3 | T31 | |||
| Z | TZ1 | TZZ | ||
其中：Tij = 从起点 i 到目的地 j 的行程。
然后，以旅行需求模型使用以下数学公式了解人们如何就业的方式生成工作旅行的分布。
在哪里：
= 出发地 i 和目的地 j 之间的行程
= 始发于 i 的行程
= 目的地为 j 的行程
= i 和 j 之间的旅行成本
= 平衡因素迭代解决。 = 距离衰减因子，就像在可访问性模型中找到的一样
它清楚地显示了它是如何以这种方式受到双重约束的，对于每个 i，模型将预测出行次数。它等同于从 i 获得的实际行程数。仍然以另一种方式看待它，模型预测的与 j 相关的旅行次数将始终等于每个 j 的实际旅行次数。
开发“范围内”的路口和路口的拥堵水平。因此，它应该仅用于对连接点的描述。路口最引人注目的关键运动和长队不应该在那里。
Edinburgh Junction is a roundabout linking the DJ motorway with the FH road and the benefits attached to this include:
- Cutting the congestion – currently all of the DJ traffic and the FH traffic using this junction has to negotiate the Edinburgh roundabout, causing queues on both of the strategic routes. The improvements are expected to improve segregation on the DJ across the traffic, hence lessening the traffic volume experienced at the roundabout. The improvements will also support wider journey time benefits on the BE roads including the surrounding road network 发展规划essay代写
- The Edinburgh junction improvements will improve journey times by 15 to 20 minutes and improve the reliability of journeys on the both DJ and the FH roads which are considered to be of much economic benefits to the road users.
- These road improvements will also tackle the risk of congestion experienced from the major developments along BE and DJ corridors. The operations of the existing business in this area will also be improved with the road improvement works.The new junction is therefore intended to come up with opportunities of development that can be singled out around the area BE and DJ corridors.
译文：
Edinburgh Junction 是连接 DJ 高速公路和 FH 公路的环形交叉路口，其带来的好处包括：
- 减少拥堵——目前所有使用该路口的 DJ 交通和 FH 交通都必须经过爱丁堡环形交叉路口，这导致两条战略路线上都排起了长队。预计这些改进将改善 DJ 在整个交通中的隔离，从而减少环岛的交通量。这些改进还将支持包括周边道路网络在内的 BE 道路上更广泛的行程时间优势
- 爱丁堡交界处的改进将把行程时间缩短 15 至 20 分钟，并提高 DJ 和 FH 道路上的行程可靠性，这被认为对道路使用者具有很大的经济效益。
- 这些道路改进还将解决 BE 和 DJ 走廊沿线主要开发项目所带来的拥堵风险。随着道路改善工程的进行，该地区现有业务的运营也将得到改善。因此，新的路口旨在提供可以在 BE 和 DJ 走廊区域周围挑选出来的发展机会。
Any proposed improvements to local transport infrastructure and services.
All the traffic rules must be adhered to, and the passengers must always alight at the right places.
Take note:
- The passengers are only allowed to alight from the buses at the bus parking area, unless prior arrangements have been made with the available car parks in the area.
- The buses will also be required to leave the site after the passengers have alighted allow for more spaces.
Details of a preliminary Travel Plan including measures to be adopted.
The travel plan for the Edinburgh area is the realignment of the BE and the FH roads over long lengths to accommodate all the traffics. The modifications to the DJ slip roads and ensuring the roundabout is in good condition. 发展规划essay代写
New private access roads should be created through the various car Parks and the provision of a sustainable urban drainage system and flood water storage areas.
The Environmental mitigation and enhancement works will also have to be practiced for better development of the area.
译文：
对当地交通基础设施和服务的任何改进建议。 发展规划essay代写
必须遵守所有交通规则，乘客必须始终在正确的地方下车。
做记录：
乘客只能在巴士停车场下车，除非事先与该地区的可用停车场作出安排。
乘客下车后，巴士也将被要求离开现场，以留出更多空间。
初步旅行计划的详细信息，包括将采取的措施。
爱丁堡地区的旅行计划是重新调整 BE 和 FH 道路的长距离，以容纳所有交通。对 DJ 支路进行修改并确保环岛状况良好。
应通过各种停车场和提供可持续的城市排水系统和洪水储存区来创建新的私人通道。
为了更好地发展该地区，还必须进行环境缓解和改善工程。
References 发展规划essay代写
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