To Establish the Reduction of Prevalence Rate of PTSD Among 100 Randomly Selected African American Foster Male
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医学研究论文代写 The research establishes the reduction of the prevalence rate of PTSD in the African American by studying a group in the foster care of ···
Abstract
Mental illness in children exposed to challenging life events has raised much concern at different levels. Although a lot is being done to reduce the prevalence rate, the trend needs a better approach. The research establishes the reduction of the prevalence rate of PTSD in the African American by studying a group in the foster care of Foster Angels of South Texas. The primary objective is to find a way on how the disorder can be reduced in male African America.
Therefore, a research is needed to understand the nature of their disorder and the approach to the treatment. Therefore, this paper is divided into three parts with sections starting with an introduction, literature review, and conclusion. The first part forms the general introduction of the study where the hypothesis, objectives conceptual framework, limitation and delimitation of the study are outlined. Further, the part will also explain the rationale of the study, assumptions of the study, and definition of terms. The second part covers the literature review which is arranged into section starting with the nature of the PTSD.
Keywords: reduction of prevalence rate, PTSD, African American
译文：
摘要 医学研究论文代写
暴露于具有挑战性的生活事件的儿童的精神疾病引起了不同层次的关注。尽管为降低流行率做了很多工作，但趋势需要更好的方法。该研究通过研究南德克萨斯 Foster Angels 寄养的一群人，确定了非洲裔美国人 PTSD 患病率的降低。主要目标是找到一种方法来减少非洲裔美国男性的这种疾病。
因此，需要进行研究以了解其疾病的性质和治疗方法。因此，本文分为三个部分，从引言、文献综述和结论开始。第一部分是研究的总体介绍，概述了研究的假设、目标概念框架、局限性和界定。此外，该部分还将解释研究的基本原理、研究的假设和术语的定义。第二部分包括文献综述，从 PTSD 的性质开始分为几个部分。
关键词：患病率降低，PTSD，非裔美国人
Introduction
Purpose of the study
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), has become a prevalence cause of disability in the general population (Roberts, Gilman, Breslau, Breslau, & Koenen, 2011). The study by the national epidemiology shows that PTSD prevalence range between 8-12 percent in the whole population. Notably, the high number of those affected were the African American especially those living in urban areas. This study aims at establishing how the rate of prevalence of PTSD can be reduced in the African American population by studying 100 males in The Foster Angles of South Texas.
Research Question
To Establish the Reduction of Prevalence Rate of PTSD Among 100 Randomly Selected African American Foster Male at The Foster Angles of South Texas Foundation.
Definition of Terms
i. Prevalence Rate: Is the proportion at which a given population is exposed to a particular disorder and attributed to a specific circumstance at a particular time over a particular period.
ii. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Is a mental condition that is triggered by a traumatic event which results in emotional fear, hopelessness, helplessness, or horror.
译文：
介绍 医学研究论文代写
这项研究的目的
创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 已成为普通人群残疾的普遍原因（Roberts、Gilman、Breslau、Breslau 和 Koenen，2011 年）。国家流行病学研究表明，PTSD 在整个人群中的患病率在 8% 到 12% 之间。值得注意的是，大部分受影响的人是非裔美国人，尤其是那些生活在城市地区的人。本研究旨在通过研究南德克萨斯福斯特角的 100 名男性，确定如何降低非裔美国人人口中 PTSD 的患病率。
研究问题
在南德克萨斯基金会 Foster Angles 的 100 名随机选择的非裔美国寄养男性中确定 PTSD 患病率的降低。
术语定义
i. 患病率：特定人群在特定时间段内因特定情况而暴露于特定疾病的比例。
ii. 创伤后应激障碍：是一种由创伤性事件引发的精神状况，导致情绪恐惧、绝望、无助或恐惧。
The hypothesis of the Study
The prevalence rate can be reduced by enrolling the victims of divorce to the psychiatric coach and work towards ensuring strong families in African America society.
Limitation and Delimitation
The population of the study is broad and diverse, and due to the limited resource, the study will select a sample in the state of Texas at The Foster Angels Foundation.
Assumptions
The study assumes that the selected sample of 100 males in The Foster Angles Foundation will give a clear presentation of the whole population. It also assumes that all the selected samples are suffering from the PTSD and that they are from different parts of Texas.
Rationale
The study will inform on the methods and approaches to reducing treating the prevalence rate of PTSD in African America. It will also be important in understanding the PTSD in the said population and the control measure to reduce the trend.
译文：
研究假设 医学研究论文代写
通过让离婚受害者接受精神病学教练并努力确保非洲裔美国社会中家庭的牢固，可以降低患病率。
限制和划界
该研究的人群广泛而多样，由于资源有限，该研究将在德克萨斯州的福斯特天使基金会中选择一个样本。
假设
该研究假设在福斯特角基金会中选定的 100 名男性样本将清楚地展示整个人口。 它还假设所有选定的样本都患有 PTSD，并且它们来自德克萨斯州的不同地区。
基本原理
该研究将告知在非洲裔美国降低治疗 PTSD 患病率的方法和途径。 了解上述人群中的 PTSD 以及减少这种趋势的控制措施也很重要。
Literature Review
Overview of PTSD
PTSD is characterized by a stress reaction following a mentally and emotionally degrading experience. The victim of such an event experience stress and fear or paranoia even without apparent threat (Foy & Goguen, 1998, Blanchard, Jones-Alexander, Buckley, & Forneris, 1996, Herman, 1992) as such PTSD reduce the ability of a person of self-regulation. As a result, the person experiences over-activation and deactivation of emotions interpersonal relations (Cloitre et al., 2009).
Cause of PTSD in African American Males
PTSD is attributed to various causes, especially to the black population. Various studies have shown that PTSD is highly associated with exposure to violence (Paxton, Robinson, Shah, & Schoeny, 2004, Berton, & Stabb, 1996,). It has been established that black society neighborhoods are prevalent to violence and abuse in these young people especially male exposed to brutal life early in life which damages their self-control and worthiness.
Racism and discrimination have also played a significant role in the development of PTSD in the African American community (Brooks Holliday et al., 2018, Franklin, Boyd-Franklin, & Kelly, 2006). Due to discrimination, many African American suffer emotion and psychological tortures, poor health, mental health, and poor quality of life which develop to stress, depression, and trauma.
Moreover, the social life of a person can also lead to PTSD especially if a child lives in a violent and abusive family (Burke, Neimeyer, & McDevitt-Murphy, 2010, Seedat, Nyamai, Njenga, Vythilingum, & Stein, 2004, Jang & Juhyun 2012). It has been found that children living in abusive families and divorced parents can develop trauma due to exposure to stressors in their early life.
译文：
文献评论 医学研究论文代写
创伤后应激障碍概述
PTSD 的特点是在精神和情绪上有辱人格的经历后出现压力反应。即使没有明显的威胁，此类事件的受害者也会经历压力、恐惧或偏执（Foy & Goguen, 1998, Blanchard, Jones-Alexander, Buckley, & Forneris, 1996, Herman, 1992），因此 PTSD 会降低一个人的能力自律。结果，该人经历了情绪人际关系的过度激活和失活（Cloitre et al., 2009）。
非洲裔美国男性 PTSD 的原因
PTSD 有多种原因，尤其是黑人。各种研究表明，创伤后应激障碍与暴力暴露高度相关（Paxton, Robinson, Shah, & Schoeny, 2004, Berton, & Stabb, 1996,）。已经确定，黑人社会社区在这些年轻人中普遍存在暴力和虐待，尤其是男性在生命早期就暴露在残酷的生活中，这损害了他们的自控力和价值。
种族主义和歧视在非裔美国人社区的 PTSD 发展中也发挥了重要作用（Brooks Holliday 等，2018；Franklin、Boyd-Franklin 和 Kelly，2006）。由于歧视，许多非裔美国人遭受情感和心理折磨，健康状况不佳，心理健康状况不佳，生活质量不佳，进而发展为压力、抑郁和创伤。
此外，一个人的社交生活也可能导致 PTSD，特别是如果孩子生活在暴力和虐待的家庭中 (Burke, Neimeyer, & McDevitt-Murphy, 2010, Seedat, Nyamai, Njenga, Vythilingum, & Stein, 2004, Jang和朱铉 2012）。研究发现，生活在虐待家庭和离异父母的儿童可能会因早年接触压力源而受到创伤。
PTSD in African American
The area of the relationship between PTSD and the depression in the African American has not attracted many studies, but several studies have found there are high rates of trauma exposure to the population. Studies have shown that PTSD disorder is caused by early and the process of life exposures to life stressors which lead to the development of anxiety, depression, stress disorder (Thomason, et al., 2015, Nooner, et al., 2013, Coker, Ikpe, Brooks, Page, & Sobell, 2014).
Some of the trauma exposures to children have been found to persist to their old age thus developing depression and trauma. Adults develop PTSD after exposure to emotionally degrading events like war, divorce, violence and more. It has been observed that the prevalence of exposure to PTSD in the African American male population is high (Alim et al., 2008, Johnson, Striley, & Cottler, 2006, Paxton, Robinson, Shah, & Schoeny, 2004, Benítez, et al., 2014). African American males are believed to undergo various social and economic hardships which lead them to delinquencies, violence, crime, and drug abuse.
Reduction of PTSD prevalence in African American Males
Although this area has not attracted much research, some scholars have suggested on to reduce the prevalence of PTSD in African American. One of the methods suggested by Dutton, Bermudez, Matas, Majid, & Myers, (2013) and King et al., (2013), was mindfulness-based stress reduction approach. In this case the psychiatrist coachwork towards bringing the patient towards the current logical events through meditation whereas the patient becomes self-aware and reasonable. Another approach is group therapy where patients share the same platform and their problems. They learn from one another and also realize they are not alone (Tull & Gans, 2018, Williams et al., 2014). Group therapy gives them strength to overcome life traumas and along the healing process (Ford, Fallot, & Harris, 2009).
译文：
非洲裔美国人的创伤后应激障碍 医学研究论文代写
创伤后应激障碍与非裔美国人抑郁症之间关系的领域并没有吸引很多研究，但一些研究发现人群中的创伤暴露率很高。研究表明，PTSD 障碍是由于早期和生活过程中暴露于生活压力源导致焦虑、抑郁、压力障碍的发展（Thomason 等人，2015 年；Nooner 等人，2013 年，Coker， Ikpe、布鲁克斯、佩奇和索贝尔，2014 年）。
已经发现，儿童的一些创伤暴露会持续到他们老年，从而发展为抑郁和创伤。成年人在接触战争、离婚、暴力等情绪有辱人格的事件后会患上创伤后应激障碍。据观察，非洲裔美国男性人群中 PTSD 的患病率很高（Alim 等人，2008 年；Johnson、Striley 和 Cottler，2006 年；Paxton、Robinson、Shah 和 Schoeny，2004 年，Benítez 等人等，2014）。非裔美国男性被认为经历了各种社会和经济困难，导致他们犯罪、暴力、犯罪和吸毒。
减少非洲裔美国男性的 PTSD 患病率
尽管该领域没有引起太多研究，但一些学者建议减少非裔美国人中 PTSD 的患病率。 Dutton、Bermudez、Matas、Majid 和 Myers（2013 年）和 King 等人（2013 年）建议的方法之一是基于正念的减压方法。在这种情况下，精神科医生通过冥想将患者带入当前的逻辑事件，而患者则变得自我意识和理性。另一种方法是团体治疗，患者共享相同的平台和他们的问题。他们互相学习，也意识到他们并不孤单（Tull & Gans，2018 年，Williams 等人，2014 年）。团体治疗使他们有力量克服生活创伤和康复过程（福特、法洛和哈里斯，2009 年）。
Conclusion
The reduction of PTSD prevalence rate in African Americans has not received adequate attention in research. Therefore, little is known about the relationship between PTSD and the African American male life. Based on the literature reviewed, it is clear that traumatic experiences in life cause PTSD (Friedman, 2007, Feliciano, 2009). From the research, working towards the reduction of the prevalence rate much has to be done in reducing the stressors in their life and also engage them in programs for managing life stress and experiences.
译文：
结论 医学研究论文代写
非裔美国人 PTSD 患病率的降低在研究中没有得到足够的关注。 因此，人们对 PTSD 与非裔美国男性生活之间的关系知之甚少。 根据查阅的文献，很明显，生活中的创伤经历会导致 PTSD（Friedman，2007，Feliciano，2009）。 从研究来看，为降低患病率必须做很多工作，以减少他们生活中的压力源，并使他们参与管理生活压力和经历的计划。
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